Disease relevance of Baicalin

• Baicalin produced concentration-dependent inhibition of HTLV-I replication in productively infected T and B cells [1].
• Baicalin inhibited reverse transcriptase activity in HTLV-I-infected cells as well as the activity of purified reverse transcriptase from Moloney murine leukemia virus and Rous-associated virus type 2 [1].
• Baicalin may be a novel, adjunctive therapy for selected malignancies including prostate cancer [2].
• Flavonoid baicalin inhibits HIV-1 infection at the level of viral entry [3].
• These data provide preliminary experimental support for baicalin as medicine for iron overload diseases [4].

Psychiatry related information on Baicalin

• These results suggest that baicalein as well as baicalin can reduce the cytotoxicity of Abeta protein in PC12 cells, possibly by a reduction of oxidative stress, and these flavonoids may be useful in the chemoprevention of Alzheimer's disease [5].

High impact information on Baicalin

• Baicalein as well as baicalin suppressed the survival in vitro of MPC-1- immature myeloma cells rather than MPC-1+ myeloma cells from myeloma patients [6].
• When CAMs were treated with either baicalein or baicalin for 48 hr, the angiogenic response induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was markedly reduced in a dose-dependent manner [7].
• In biochemical analysis, treatment of HUVECs with baicalein and baicalin for 24 hr resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity [7].
• Baicalein and baicalin are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis: Inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and differentiation [7].
• The ability of baicalin (7-glucuronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid compound purified from the Chinese medicinal herb, Scutellaria baicalensis georgi, to inhibit human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was examined [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Baicalin

• These results suggest that baicalein is the most effective compound among three polyphenols tested in preventing neurotoxicity induced by both glutamate and GD, whereas baicalin was only effective in preventing glutamate toxicity [8].
• Baicalein, but not baicalin or wogonin, given orally at 20 mg/kg for ten days, ameliorates all the considered inflammatory symptoms of the induced colitis, such as body weight loss, blood haemoglobin content, rectal bleeding and other histological and biochemical parameters [9].
• A comparative study on the individual and combined effects of baicalin and jasminoidin on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury [10].
• We investigated whether baicalin, an inhibitor of beta-glucuronidase, which deconjugates the glucuronide of the active metabolite of CPT-11, SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydorxycamptothecin), and Japanese herbal medicines (Kampo medicines) which contain baicalin can ameliorate CPT-11-induced intestinal toxicity in rats [11].
• In the present study, we examined the protective mechanism of baicalein (BE) and its glycoside, baicalin (BI), on hydrogen-peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced cell death in rat glioma C6 cells [12].

Biological context of Baicalin

• Moreover, baicalin treatment selectively reduced the detectable levels of HTLV-I p19 gag protein in infected cells by greater than 70% at concentrations that produced insignificant effects on total cellular protein and DNA synthesis with no loss in cell viability [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Baicalin inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, in which p27(kip1) may play a role [2].
• Wogonin, baicalin, and baicalein inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expressions induced by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and lipopolysaccharide [13].
• RESULTS: All the drugs inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, but baicalin exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity [14].
• Baicalein, baicalin and wogonin could inhibit protein nitration and lipid peroxidation in liver homogenate as well as in HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner, the inhibition order was baicalein>baicalin>>wogonin [15].

Anatomical context of Baicalin

• These results suggest that baicalin may be a potential therapeutic agent against HTLV-I-associated T cell diseases [1].
• Resistance to HTLV-I infection and virus-mediated transformation was noted in uninfected peripheral blood lymphocytes pretreated with baicalin before cocultivation with lethally irradiated chronically infected cells [1].
• RESULTS: Baicalin inhibited the clonal proliferation of LNCaP and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines, and the HL-60 and NB4 myeloblastic/promyelocytic leukemia cell lines with a 50% inhibition (ED(50)) that ranged between 6.4 x 10(-6) to 12 x 10(-6) mol/L [2].
• Both the febrile response and overproduction of both glutamate and hydroxyl radicals in the hypothalamus caused by central administration of TNF-alpha could be suppressed by baicalin [16].
• Moreover, baicalin enhanced the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27(kip1) in LNCaP and HL-60 cells [2].

Associations of Baicalin with other chemical compounds

• Inhibition of human T cell leukemia virus by the plant flavonoid baicalin (7-glucuronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone) [1].
• These findings suggest that systemic administration of baicalin may exert its antipyresis by inhibiting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-dependent hydroxyl radicals pathways in the hypothalamus and circulating TNF-alpha accumulation during LPS-fever [16].
• In endothelium-denuded rings, treatment with baicalin, baicalein or methylene blue partially inhibited relaxations induced by the NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and hydroxylamine [17].
• Wogonin, but not baicalin or baicalein, similarly inhibited PGE2 production and COX-2 protein expression in NLA/LPS or L-NAME/LPS-co-treated RAW 264.7 cells [13].
• Analysis of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin in Scutellariae radix and its preparation by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with 1-butyl-3-methylimizolium tetrafluoborate ionic liquid as additive [18].

Gene context of Baicalin

• Ingredient analysis revealed that baicalin is likely the main active constituent in the upregulation of Fas antigen and Fas ligand, while glycyrrhizin is the main constituent in the inhibition of cdks [19].
• In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of three major flavonoids in Scutellariae Radix, baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin, on TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) [20].
• Baicalein, but not baicalin, inhibited COX-2 gene expression in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells [21].
• Efflux of baicalin, a flavone glucuronide of Scutellariae Radix, on Caco-2 cells through multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 [22].
• The results showed that crude extracts of SbG as well as its pure compounds, baicalin, baicalein and chrysin up-regulated TGF-beta1 gene expression on RAW 264.7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Baicalin

• Recently, we isolated a major component (6% of the total ethanolic extract) known as baicalin from PC-SPES by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [2].
• Western blot analysis examined the effect of baicalin on levels of p21(waf1) and p27(kip1) in those cells [2].
• A total of 37.0 mg of baicalin at 96.5% purity was yielded from 200 mg of the crude baicalin (containing 21.6% baicalin) with 86.0% recovery as determined by HPLC analysis [24].
• PURPOSE: Kampo medicine Hangeshashin-to (TJ-14) which contains baicalin, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, alleviates diarrhea induced by irinotecan (CPT-11) [25].
• In this study, RT-PCR and Western blot analyses of SP-A were performed to evaluate the biological activity of baicalin, a Chinese medicine prescribed extensively for preventing miscarriage [26].

References