High impact information on Milk Substitutes

• Newborn rats were artificially fed either with growth factor-free rat milk substitute (RMS) or RMS supplemented with 500 ng/ml of EGF (RMS+EGF) [1].
• These pups were fed rat milk substitutes in which the fat comprised 10% linoleic acid and 1% alpha-linolenic acid and, using a 3 x 3 factorial design, one of three levels of both arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplied as single cell microbial oils (0.0, 0.4 and 2.4% fatty acids) [2].
• To characterize the relationship between milk carnitine and carnitine in body organs, newborn rats were fed from birth a rat milk substitute with or without 300 micromol/L L-carnitine, corresponding to the concentration present in rat milk, for either 2 or 4 d [3].
• Milk substitutes containing cholesterol at concentrations lower, equal to or greater than the concentrations found in natural rat milk were fed to artificially reared rat pups from 5 d until 15 or 16 d after birth [4].
• These pups were fed rat milk substitutes containing fats that provided 10% linoleic acid and 1% alpha-linolenic acid (% fatty acids) and, using a 2x3 factorial design, one of two levels of DHA (0.5 and 2.5%), and one of three levels of GLA (0.5, 1.0, and 3.0%) [5].

Anatomical context of Milk Substitutes

• Individual tocopherols and tocotrienols in human milk, mother's milk substitutes and other infant formulas have been determined by an HPLC method [6].

Associations of Milk Substitutes with chemical compounds

• A rat milk substitute containing lower amounts of palmitic and oleic acid in the triacylglycerols in comparison to natural rat milk was fed to artificially reared rat pups from day 7 after birth to day 14 [7].
• A control milk substitute contained unlabeled free palmitic acid in an amount equal to 100% of the palmitic acid in the triacylglycerols of the milk substitute [7].
• Allergen-specific IgE antibodies against antigenic components in cow milk and milk substitutes [8].
• 3. Premilks were supplemented with lactose, vitamins, minerals, fat as oil mixtures, certain amino acids and other constituents to yield rat milk-substitutes which resemble the known composition of rat's milk in their properties and composition [9].
• Artificial rearing of pigs. The effect of different levels of fat, protein and methionine in a milk-substitute diet containing skim milk and soya-bean oil [10].

Gene context of Milk Substitutes

• It was found that six of the milk substitutes did not differ significantly from cow milk in antibody binding, but the two hydrolysed casein products, Nutramigen and Pregestimil, consisted of such small molecules that the rabbit antisera could not precipitate the hydrolysed proteins in the gels on the CRIE plates [8].
• Fresh yogurt has been proposed as a milk substitute for lactase-deficient patients [11].
• Each of these 3 milk substitutes led to a decrease in chymosin secretion without modification of pepsin secretion [12].
• 5. Rat pups were artificially reared from postnatal day 4 or 5 until days 16-18 by fitting them with gastric cannulas through which the milk-substitutes could be infused automatically [9].

References