Disease relevance of Insect Vectors

• Transgenic tobacco plants expressing an altered form of the 2a replicase gene from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain Fny exhibited a suppression of viral replication and restricted viral movement when inoculated mechanically or by insect vectors [1].
• It was synthesized by a baculovirus vector-insect cell system using two cDNAs encoding the glycoprotein alpha and FSH beta subunits [2].
• One ORF encodes a 96 kDa protein, SkARP1, that is highly similar to SARP1 adhesin involved in attachment of Spiroplasma citri to insect vector gut membrane [3].
• Exogenous and indigenous cases of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis are reported in several Egyptian Governorates particularly those in the Nile Delta, Phlebotomus paptasi (Scopoli) is the only proven insect vector [4].

High impact information on Insect Vectors

• A P-type ATPase is missing-among the 24 completely sequenced eubacteria to date, only three (including X. fastidiosa) do not have a P-type ATPase, and they are all parasites transmitted by insect vectors [5].
• Subtherapeutic primaquine doses, the shorter extrinsic cycle of P vivax in the insect vector, and the timing of MDA at a high-transmission period of the year may explain the limited effects of the campaign [6].
• The arrest of variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) synthesis is one of the first events accompanying the differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms into procyclic forms, which are characteristic of the insect vector [7].
• The Delta adometdc null mutants were created in the insect vector form of the parasite by double targeted gene replacement [8].
• In the insect vector, the parasite relies on amino acid catabolism, but in the mammalian host, it derives its energy exclusively from blood glucose [9].

Biological context of Insect Vectors

• Mutagenesis experiments identified the betaH-betaI loop of the capsid subunit as a potential key motif responsible for interactions with the insect vector [10].

Associations of Insect Vectors with chemical compounds

• The enzyme and the sialic acid acceptors are present in the mammalian forms of the parasite and in the parasite forms that grow in axenic cultures, which correspond to the developmental stages found in the insect vectors [11].
• Infective metacyclic forms of the stercorarian trypanosomes are produced in the rectum of their insect vector and are thus in contact with uric acid [12].
• These results underscore the critical role that the 3'-nucleotidase/nuclease must play in purine salvage during the rapid multiplicative expansion of the parasite population within its insect vector [13].
• The technique involves a 2-stage incubation of the parasites at 37 degrees C and 0 degrees C in ethanediol, before rapid cooling to -196 degrees C. Viability has been assessed by motility, by migration in a proxy host and by development to the infective stage in the insect vector [14].
• Sugars on a 72,000 molecular weight glycoprotein on epimastigotes have also been implicated in colonization of the gut of the insect vector and in control of the morphological changes which take place in the insect gut [15].

Gene context of Insect Vectors

• Moreover, Northern blot analysis revealed that Ld ARF1 is expressed on a 1.35 kb transcript in both the insect vector (promastigotes) and mammalian host (amastigotes) forms of this parasite [16].
• The blood samples containing serum proteases that were able to cleave VP2 also showed an increase in infectivity for the insect vector when spiked with purified AHSV [17].
• Polymerase chain reaction amplification can be used to evaluate large numbers of samples in a single day and thus should be useful in large-scale studies of the prevalence of T. cruzi in both insect vectors and mammalian hosts [18].
• Using this technique, structural and nonstructural proteins of TSWV were readily detected and specifically labelled in cells of the insect vector, the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and in infected cells of the plant species, Emilia sonchifolia L [19].
• Because the inner core proteins are involved with infectivity of insect cells, we hypothesized that certain VP7 protein sequences are preferred by the insect vector species present in specific geographic locations [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Insect Vectors

• We also purified, by one-step affinity chromatography, a haemolymph galactoside-binding lectin from R. prolixus which we believe could play an important role in the development of T. rangeli in the haemocoel of the insect vector [21].

References