High impact information on 2-[[2-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid

• Release of caged Ca2+ using NP-EGTA while simultaneously monitoring cytosolic Ca2+ with Fura-2 indicated that continuous exocytosis was stimulated by sub-micromolar levels of Ca2+ [1].
• Although upon uncaging NP-EGTA, which is a caged Ca(2+) compound, WT-PKCalpha displayed rapid membrane translocations within <250 ms, PKCalpha constructs with C2 domains mutated in their Ca(2+)-binding region lacked any Ca(2+)-dependent translocation [2].
• Using photolysis of NP-EGTA, the maximal kinetics of translocation was determined (t1/2 = 0.9 s), and this was consistent with a diffusion driven process [3].
• Thapsigargin incubation, microinjection of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA, and photolysis of the Ca2+ cage NP-EGTA demonstrate that a Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes is both necessary and sufficient to modulate spontaneous transmitter release [4].
• The pre-myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation components of the lag phase (td) of contractile activation were determined in permeabilized smooth muscles activated by photolytic release of ATP from caged ATP and/or Ca2+ from 4-(2-nitrophenyl)-EGTA (NP-EGTA) [5].

Biological context of 2-[[2-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid

• The success of such experiments using DM-nitrophen and NP-EGTA suggests that caged calcium is now a mature tool for cellular physiology and neurobiology [6].

Anatomical context of 2-[[2-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid

• Force, sarcomere length, and equatorial x-ray reflections (using synchrotron radiation) were studied in chemically skinned bundles of fibers from Rana temporaria sartorius muscle, activated by UV flash photolysis of a new photolabile calcium chelator, NP-EGTA [7].
• We demonstrate that global photolysis of NP-EGTA in growth cones caused a transient increase in [Ca(2+)](i) throughout the growth cone and elicited subsequent filopodial elongation that was restricted to the stimulated growth cone [8].
• Calcium buffering capacity of neuronal cell cytosol measured by flash photolysis of calcium buffer NP-EGTA [9].

Associations of 2-[[2-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid with other chemical compounds

• The activation and relaxation of fibres were induced by laser flash photolysis of the caged calcium NP-EGTA, and caged calcium chelator diazo-2 respectively [10].

Gene context of 2-[[2-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid

• In rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cells or mouse beta cells loaded with caged Ca2+ (NP-EGTA), a GLP-1 receptor agonist (exendin-4) is demonstrated to sensitize intracellular Ca2+ release channels to stimulatory effects of cytosolic Ca2+, thereby allowing CICR to be generated by the uncaging of Ca2+ (UV flash photolysis) [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of 2-[[2-[2-[2-(bis(carboxymethyl)amino)ethoxy]ethoxy]-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid

• We have used the patch-clamp technique to monitor changes in membrane capacitance (C(m)) elicited by fast and spatially homogeneous rises in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) using flash photolysis of NP-EGTA [12].

References