Disease relevance of Photolysis

• Caged GTP-gamma-S released by flash photolysis reduced the sHVA current, and pretreatment of the photoreceptors with pertussis toxin blocked the effects of higher concentrations of GABA, indicating that at higher concentrations, the effects may be G-protein mediated [1].
• Ligand binding reactions and the relation between redox state and ligand binding in the hexa-heme nitrite reductase of Wolinella succinogenes have been studied using laser flash photolysis [2].
• Release of gelatinase A (matrix metalloproteinase 2) induced by photolysis of caged phosphatidic acid in HT 1080 metastatic fibrosarcoma cells [3].
• Amino acid residues in Anabaena ferredoxin crucial to interaction with ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase: site-directed mutagenesis and laser flash photolysis [4].
• Stopped-flow, laser-flash photolysis studies on the reactions of CO and O2 with the cytochrome caa3 complex from Bacillus subtilis: conservation of electron transfer pathways from cytochrome c to O2 [5].

Psychiatry related information on Photolysis

• Intermediates in the oxidation of a dihydropyridine derivative of AZT related to AIDS dementia, studied by nanosecond laser photolysis [6].

High impact information on Photolysis

• Here we report that paroxysmal depolarization shifts can be initiated by release of glutamate from extrasynaptic sources or by photolysis of caged Ca(2+) in astrocytes [7].
• Here we report a laboratory demonstration that glycine, alanine and serine naturally form from ultraviolet photolysis of the analogues of icy interstellar grains [8].
• Analyses of water extracts indicate that extraterrestrial processes including photolysis and formaldehyde chemistry could account for the observed compounds [9].
• We show that photolysis of Fe(III)-siderophore complexes leads to the formation of lower-affinity Fe(III) ligands and the reduction of Fe(III), increasing the availability of siderophore-bound iron for uptake by planktonic assemblages [10].
• Here we present measurements of sulphur isotopes in oxidized and reduced phases from the SNC meteorites--the group of related achondrite meteorites believed to have originated on Mars--together with the results of laboratory photolysis studies of two important martian atmospheric sulphur species (SO2 and H2S) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Photolysis

• Phototoxicity of naphazoline. Evidence that hydrated electrons, nitrogen-centered radicals, and OH radicals trigger DNA damage: a combined photocleavage and laser flash photolysis study [12].
• A comparison between the distinct inward currents activated in rat cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones by intracellular flash photolysis of two forms of caged cyclic guanosine monophosphate [13].
• Photosensitization of pyrimidines by 2-methylnaphthoquinone in water: a laser flash photolysis study [14].
• Type I and type II photosensitization by the antibacterial drug nalidixic acid. A laser flash photolysis study [15].
• Parental C6 glioma cells did not initiate intercellular Ca2+ waves when stimulated by photolysis [16].

Biological context of Photolysis

• Here we analyse the kinetics of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release following flash photolysis of caged InsP3 or caged Ca2+, and demonstrate that Ca(2+)-dependent immediate feedback control is an important determinant of the time course of Ca2+ release [17].
• Here we investigate the nature of the adaptational mechanism in intact olfactory cells by using a combination of odorant stimulation and caged cAMP photolysis which produces current responses that bypass the early stages of signal transduction (involving the receptor, G protein and adenylyl cyclase) [18].
• Transducin is a guanyl nucleotide-binding protein that couples rhodopsin photolysis to hydrolysis of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate in rod photoreceptor cells of vertebrate retinas [19].
• In response to fluorescence-guided focal photolysis of caged glutamate, individual terminal apical dendrites generated cadmium-sensitive all-or-none responses that were subthreshold for somatic action potentials [20].
• To investigate the role of Munc13-1 in LDCV exocytosis, we overexpressed Munc13-1 in chromaffin cells and stimulated secretion by flash photolysis of caged calcium [21].

Anatomical context of Photolysis

• Focal photolysis of caged InsP3 in Purkinje cell dendrites also produces Ca2+ signals that spread only a few micrometres from the site of InsP3 production [22].
• Kinetics of smooth and skeletal muscle activation by laser pulse photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [23].
• External Na dependence of ouabain-sensitive ATP:ADP exchange initiated by photolysis of intracellular caged-ATP in human red cell ghosts [24].
• In cerebellar Purkinje cells, photolysis of caged IP3 causes spatially restricted intracellular release of Ca2+, and photolysis of a caged Ca2+ compound locally opens Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels [25].
• The interaction between myosin subfragment 1 (S1) and actin filaments after the photolysis of P3-1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl ester of ATP (caged ATP) was analyzed with a newly developed freezing system using liquid helium [26].

Associations of Photolysis with chemical compounds

• Relaxation of muscle fibres by photolysis of caged ATP [27].
• InsP3 was liberated on laser pulse photolysis of a photolabile but biologically inactive precursor of InsP3 termed caged InsP3 [23].
• Reversible inactivation of K+ channels of Vicia stomatal guard cells following the photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [28].
• Hydrogen escape after CH4 photolysis, therefore, causes a net gain of oxygen [CO2 + 2H2O --> CH4 + 2O2 --> CO2 + O2 + 4H(upward arrow space)] [29].
• A new picosecond resonance Raman technique shows that resonance Raman lines characteristic of a distorted all-trans retinal appear within 30 picoseconds after photolysis of rhodopsin or isorhodopsin [30].

Gene context of Photolysis

• Under mild conditions, photolysis yielded highly reactive carbenes, responsible for the formation of covalent bonds to the CRF receptor [31].
• Previous studies have shown that the expression of YHB1 is optimal under normoxic or hyperoxic conditions, yet respiring yeast cells have low levels of reduced YHb pigment as detected by carbon monoxide (CO) photolysis difference spectroscopy of glucose-reduced cells [32].
• Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (ps-TR3) spectroscopy of transient five-coordinate heme species produced by the photolysis of carbon monoxide (CO) adducts of Cgb and Ngb showed Fe-His stretching (nu(Fe-His)) bands at 229 and 221 cm(-1), respectively [33].
• RESULTS: One hour of UVA photolysis of human lens resulted in a 70% loss in glutathione reductase (GR)-specific activity and a 24% loss in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD)-specific activity [34].
• Without photolysis, lapachenole is a substrate of CYP3A4 and can be metabolized to hydroxylated products by this enzyme [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Photolysis

• Thapsigargin incubation, microinjection of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA, and photolysis of the Ca2+ cage NP-EGTA demonstrate that a Ca2+ elevation in astrocytes is both necessary and sufficient to modulate spontaneous transmitter release [36].
• In this study we investigated physicochemical characteristics of the curcumin radical by pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis [37].
• Biphasic geminate rebinding of CO to myoglobin upon flash photolysis has been associated to ligand distribution in hydrophobic cavities, structurally detected by time-resolved crystallography, xenon occupancy, and molecular simulations [38].
• Reactions of nitrogen oxides with heme models. Characterization of NO and NO2 dissociation from Fe(TPP)(NO2)(NO) by flash photolysis and rapid dilution techniques: Fe(TPP)(NO2) as an unstable intermediate [39].
• A lag period was also observed when ICa was stimulated by flash photolysis of caged GTP gamma S and when adenylyl cyclase was activated directly by rapid perfusion with forskolin [40].

References