High impact information on cacodylic acid

• Methylation of iAs(III) by human hepatocytes yielded methylarsenic (MAs) and dimethylarsenic (DMAs) species; MAs(III)O was converted to DMAs [1].
• Of these two radicals, the dimethylarsenic peroxyl radical rather than the superoxide anion radical is assumed to play the dominant role in causing the DNA damage, at least for DNA single-strand breaks [2].
• Induction of structural and numerical changes of chromosome, centrosome abnormality, multipolar spindles and multipolar division in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells by exposure to a trivalent dimethylarsenic compound [3].
• Involvement of preferential formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in dimethylarsenic-induced DNA strand breaks and DNA-protein crosslinks in cultured alveolar epithelial cells [4].
• The methylation of arsenic(III) is thought to take place via sequential oxidative methylation and reduction steps to form monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic (DMA) species, but recent evidence indicates that glutathione complexes of arsenic(III) can be methylated without oxidation [5].

Biological context of cacodylic acid

• Specific induction of oxidative stress in terminal bronchiolar Clara cells during dimethylarsenic-induced lung tumor promoting process in mice [6].
• Arsenic present at 1 microg L(-1) concentrations in seawater can exist as the following species: As(III), As(V), monomethylarsenic, dimethylarsenic and unknown organic compounds [7].
• In view of the possible release of dimethylarsenic acid from some organoarsenicals, biological monitoring of occupational exposure to Asi by the measurement of its methylated metabolites can provide misleading results if the workers have consumed some marine organisms within 48 hr before urine collection [8].

Anatomical context of cacodylic acid

• In the present study, we demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of a dimethylarsenic compound in seaweed, (R)-(2',3'-dihydroxypropyl) 5- deoxy-5-dimethylarsinoyl-beta-D-riboside, namely arsenosugar (AsSug), on mammalian cells, murine macrophages, in comparison with that of an inorganic arsenical, arsenite, in vitro [9].

Associations of cacodylic acid with other chemical compounds

• We previously reported that dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), a major metabolite of inorganic arsenics, induced DNA single-strand breaks (ssb) both in vivo and in cultured alveolar type II (L-132) cells in vitro, possibly via the production of dimethylarsenic peroxyl radicals [10].
• An ESR study indicated that O2- produced by paraquat in DMAA-exposed cells was more consumed than in non-exposed cells, assumingly through the reaction with the dimethylarsenic-modified region of DNA [10].

Gene context of cacodylic acid

• The present in vivo study reveals the induction of Hsp72 by intraperitoneal administration of DMA to A/J mice used previously as an animal model of dimethylarsenic-induced lung tumorigenesis [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cacodylic acid

• Procedures for assessment of arsenic in soft tissue by use of flameless atomic absorption (FAA) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), have been evolved, with special emphasis on the analytical distinction among inorganic, monomethyl-, and dimethylarsenic in several oxidation states [12].

References