Disease relevance of C05324

• Furthermore, transgenic tobacco plants with a high level of nicotianamine grew well in a nickel-enriched serpentine soil without developing any symptoms of nickel toxicity [1].

High impact information on C05324

• Based on enzyme activity and sequence similarity to the coding DNA sequence of the purified barley enzyme the chloronerva gene encodes the enzyme nicotianamine synthase [2].
• In graminaceous monocots, the genes for mugineic acids (MAs) synthesis, nas (nicotianamine synthase) and naat (nicotianamine aminotransferase), have been cloned from barley, whereas the FeIII-MAs transporter gene is yet to be cloned [3].
• Although dicotyledonous plants do not synthesize PS, they do synthesize the PS precursor nicotianamine, a strong metal chelator essential for maintenance of iron homeostasis and copper translocation [4].
• Arabidopsis Yellow Stripe-Like2 (YSL2): a metal-regulated gene encoding a plasma membrane transporter of nicotianamine-metal complexes [5].
• Sequences homologous to IDE1 were also found in many other Fe-deficiency-inducible promoters, including: nicotianamine aminotransferase (HvNAAT)-A, HvNAAT-B, nicotianamine synthase (HvNAS1), HvIDS3, OsNAS1, OsNAS2, OsIRT1, AtIRT1, and AtFRO2, suggesting the conservation of cis-acting elements in various genes and species [6].

Biological context of C05324

• Nicotianamine synthase gene expression differs in barley and rice under Fe-deficient conditions [7].
• This is the first report describing down-regulation of NAS gene expression in response to Fe deficiency in plants, shedding light on the role of nicotianamine in graminaceous plants, other than as a precursor in phytosiderophore production [8].
• Further confirmation comes from reduction of the nicotianamine content and the exhibition of a chloronerva-like phenotype due to the expression of heterologous antisense constructs in transgenic tobacco plants [9].
• It not only provides methyl groups in many biological methylations, but also acts as the precursor in the biosynthesis of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, of the metal ion chelating compounds nicotianamine and phytosiderophores, and of the gaseous plant hormone ethylene [10].
• The expression of a barley HvNAS1 nicotianamine synthase gene promoter-gus fusion gene in transgenic tobacco is induced by Fe-deficiency in roots [11].

Associations of C05324 with other chemical compounds

• Treatment of Fe-deficient plants with aminooxyacetic acid, an inhibitor of nicotianamine aminotransferase, increased the translocation of [11C]methionine to the shoot [12].
• Nano-electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (nano-ESI-FTICRMS) was employed for the analysis of the phytosiderophore 2'-deoxymugineic acid (DMA) and the candidate ligand for the intracellular iron transport in plants nicotianamine (NA) [13].
• DMA-complexes of Fe(III), Zn, and Cu in wheat root, and an NA-complex of Ni in Arabidopsis were detected and identified by the proposed method [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C05324

• The ACE inhibitor from Ashitaba contained in the anti-hypertensive fraction was speculated to be very similar to authentic nicotianamine based on a comparative study of inhibitory activity, mass spectrum analysis and thin-layer chromatographies [15].

References