Disease relevance of Parsal

• Here we have synthesised a series of novel substituted benzamides, related to Parsalmide, and have evaluated their activity in vitro on COX-1 and COX-2 as well as in vivo in the carrageenin-induced rat paw edema, a classical in vivo anti-inflammatory assay [1].
• Parsalmide: a new anti-inflammatory agent Note IX - Toxicological study of parsalmide; oral toxicity study in baboons [2].
• The pathogenic mechanisms of synovial proliferation and ankylosis are genetically different [3].
• In the synovial lining from 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), all alpha-chains were absent/very weakly stained [4].
• Our results suggest that synovial fibroblasts may significantly contribute to bone resorption through modulation of RANKL and OPG production in a cytokine-rich milieu of inflamed joints [5].

High impact information on Parsal

• Results obtained showed that Parsalmide and compound 11b inhibited both COX-1 and COX-2 in vitro as well as they were active in vivo [1].

Associations of Parsal with other chemical compounds

• Following stimulation with IL-1beta and TNFalpha, FoxO1 and FoxO4 were phosphorylated in both RA and OA FLS and synovial macrophages, respectively [6].
• Mature miR-146a and primary miR-146a/b were highly expressed in RA synovial tissue, which also expressed TNFalpha, but the 2 microRNA were less highly expressed in OA and normal synovial tissue [7].
• Mcl-1 degradation by EGCG sensitized RA synovial fibroblasts to TNFalpha-induced PARP cleavage and apoptotic cell death [8].

Gene context of Parsal

• Among the expressed TLRs, TLR-3 and TLR-4 were the most abundant in synovial fibroblasts, and stimulation of synovial fibroblasts with the TLR-3 ligand poly(I-C) led to the most pronounced increase in IL-6, MMP-3, and MMP-13 [9].
• MUC5AC was expressed at low levels in synovial lining cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells in RA and OA ST, and was barely expressed in normal ST [10].
• The aggregation of synovial lymphocytes is reversible after anti-TNF antibody treatment [11].

References