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Chemical Compound Review:

AG-K-66186 2-methyl-2-methylamino- propanoic acid

Synonyms: CHEMBL1916079, M2383_SIGMA, HMDB02141, AC1L2PDY, AC1Q5SKM, ...

Fowler, F.C. et al., Lever, J.E. et al., Cariappa, R. et al., White, M.F. et al., Muñoz, P. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of EINECS 219-898-2

Similar results are obtained with the system A amino acid analogue 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid, for which the uptake rate increases 87% and 329% in normal and keloid cells, respectively [1].
In the cultured hepatoma cell HTC, amino acid starvation stimulated both influx and efflux of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB) across the plasma membrane with little effect on the ultimate cellular accumulation of this amino acid [2].

High impact information on EINECS 219-898-2

Kinetic analysis of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid uptake showed a 100% increase in the maximum velocity of system A transport in the hepatectomized animals with no change in the Michaelis constant, suggesting an increase in the number of system A transport proteins in the plasma membrane of regenerating liver [3].
During liver regeneration, no changes were noted in the transport activities of system N and system ASC as measured by the uptake of glutamine and cysteine, respectively, in the presence of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid [3].
The insulin-stimulated uptake of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), a nonmetabolizable substrate for system A, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was investigated [4].
Expression of SAAT1 in COS-7 cells resulted in increased levels of Na(+)-dependent uptake of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid, a specific substrate for the system A amino acid transporter [5].
Sodium orthovanadate caused a 2-fold stimulation of system A transport activity in soleus muscle, as assessed by the uptake of the nonmetabolizable analog 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB) [6].

Biological context of EINECS 219-898-2

In brief, system A was inhibited by infusing a nonmetabolizable synthetic amino acid analog, 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid from days 7-20 of gestation [7].

Anatomical context of EINECS 219-898-2

When transport polarity was assessed in confluent polarized epithelial cell monolayers cultured on Nucleopore filters and mounted between two lucite chambers, Na+-stimulated transport of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid (MeAIB), a substrate specific for the A system, was predominantly localized on the basolateral membrane [8].

Associations of EINECS 219-898-2 with other chemical compounds

Golgi subfractions isolated from hormone-treated rat liver form transport competent vesicles and possess characteristic System A activity based on pH sensitivity and 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid inhibition of Na(+)-dependent 2-aminoisobutyric acid uptake [9].

References

Alteration of amino acid transport by hydrocortisone. Different effects in human fibroblasts derived from normal skin and keloid. Russell, S.B., Russell, J.D., Trupin, J.S. J. Biol. Chem. (1982) [Pubmed]
Simultaneous regulation of amino acid influx and efflux by system A in the hepatoma cell HTC. Ouabain simulates the starvation-induced derepression of system A amino acid transport. White, M.F., Christensen, H.N. J. Biol. Chem. (1983) [Pubmed]
Characterization of sodium-dependent amino acid transport activity during liver regeneration. Fowler, F.C., Banks, R.K., Mailliard, M.E. Hepatology (1992) [Pubmed]
Regulation of system A amino acid transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by insulin. Su, T.Z., Wang, M., Syu, L.J., Saltiel, A.R., Oxender, D.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) [Pubmed]
Cloning and expression of a mammalian Na+/amino acid cotransporter with sequence similarity to Na+/glucose cotransporters. Kong, C.T., Yet, S.F., Lever, J.E. J. Biol. Chem. (1993) [Pubmed]
Vanadate stimulates system A amino acid transport activity in skeletal muscle. Evidence for the involvement of intracellular pH as a mediator of vanadate action. Muñoz, P., Gumà, A., Camps, M., Furriols, M., Testar, X., Palacín, M., Zorzano, A. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
Physiological importance of system A-mediated amino acid transport to rat fetal development. Cramer, S., Beveridge, M., Kilberg, M., Novak, D. Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
Amino acid transport in kidney epithelial cell line (MDCK): characteristics of Na+/amino acid symport in membrane vesicles and basolateral localization in cell monolayers. Lever, J.E., Kennedy, B.G., Vasan, R. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1984) [Pubmed]
Hormone-induced system A amino acid transport activity in rat liver plasma membrane and Golgi vesicles. Evidence for a differential sensitivity to inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide during carrier maturation. Cariappa, R., Kilberg, M.S. J. Biol. Chem. (1990) [Pubmed]

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