Disease relevance of NAPSB

• Several chemokines that are produced in the ground state, including MCP-1, NAP 2 and RANTES, are upregulated significantly by KSHV infection [1].

High impact information on NAPSB

• This suggests that NAP-2 interacts with the neutrophil NAP-1 receptor [2].
• Neutrophil attractant/activation protein-1 (NAP-1) has sequence similarity to platelet factor-4 (PF-4) and to NAP-2 (a truncated from of connective tissue activating protein-III [CTAP-III(des 1-15)] [2].
• Synthetic NAP-2 was equivalent to purified natural NAP-2 in the elastase release and calcium mobilization assays, but it was consistently less potent (3-5-fold) as a stimulus of chemotaxis, perhaps indicative of additional chemotactic components in the natural preparation [3].
• Other differences arise from single nucleotide changes in protease genes, such as NAPSB and CASP12, resulting in the presence of functional genes in chimpanzee and pseudogenes in human [4].
• Its predicted amino acid sequence showed 46% identity and 65% similarity with NAP1L [5].

Biological context of NAPSB

• In contrast, the pronapsin B gene, which lacks an in-frame stop codon and so may be a transcribed pseudogene, is expressed at comparable levels in normal human spleen, thymus, cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells and B-lymphocytes [6].

Anatomical context of NAPSB

• Similarly, comparable levels of expression were quantified in monocytes from healthy individuals and from a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia, whereas in alveolar macrophages, which are terminally differentiated myeloid cells, transcription of the pronapsin B gene was down-regulated by approximately one order of magnitude [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of NAPSB

• Deprotection resulted in crude products, which were allowed to fold by air oxidation, and were purified by two cycles of reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, yielding 27 mg of NAP-1/IL-8 and 22 mg of NAP-2 [3].

References