Disease relevance of DX

• However, transgenic mice which express the analogs demonstrate different phenotypes ranging from dwarfism to gigantism [1].
• RESULTS: We found that streptozotocin-treated C57BL/SJL mice developed histological lesions closely resembling human diabetic glomerulosclerosis, whereas there were no glomerular lesions in diabetic mice transgenic for a growth hormone analogue which competes with native GH and results in dwarfism [2].
• Congenital joint laxity and disproportionate dwarfism in a herd of beef cattle [3].
• Immunodeficient dwarfism in Weimaraner dogs was characterized by failure to grow, emaciation, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens, lack of thymus cortex, and recurrent infections usually resulting in death [4].
• At least one form of wasting syndrome in puppies (immunodeficient dwarfism) has been found to respond to short-term therapy with a thymus hormone (thymosin fraction 5) or with bovine growth hormone (which is thymotropic) in limited clinical trials [5].

High impact information on DX

• Mutations in the limbin gene previously associated with dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle are not responsible for dwarfism in the American Angus breed [6].
• Congenital joint laxity and dwarfism in calves [7].
• The numerous morphological apomorphies of Myotragus, most strikingly its dwarfism, frontal eyes, and ever-growing incisors, obscure its phylogenetic relationships with extant bovids [8].
• In summary, a novel phenotype for Laron dwarfism in Bos indicus cattle was associated with underexpression of GHR 1A mRNA, but not other GHR mRNA variants in liver [9].
• Three calves from a herd of beef cattle were examined because of disproportionate dwarfism and excessive extension of metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints [3].

Chemical compound and disease context of DX

• Assessment of the role of manganese in congenital joint laxity and dwarfism in calves [10].
• Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, insulin-like growth factor-1, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus concentrations in pregnant beef cows and calves from a herd with a known history of congenital joint laxity and dwarfism [11].

Biological context of DX

• A lower bioavailability of manganese in silages other than in hay, resulting in an apparent manganese deficiency in silage-fed cows, is suggested as a possible factor contributing to the etiology of congenital joint laxity and dwarfism in calves [10].

Anatomical context of DX

• Morphological changes of epiphyseal plate in the long bone of chondrodysplastic dwarfism in Japanese brown cattle [12].
• RESULTS: Characteristic features of congenital lethal chondrodysplasia (Dexter bulldog) include abortion, disproportionate dwarfism, a short vertebral column, marked micromelia, a relatively large head with retruded muzzle, cleft palate and protruding tongue and a large abdominal hernia [13].

References