Disease relevance of SAA3

• Collectively, these data support the proposal that SAA3 serves an important tissue-specific function for the welfare of the mammary gland during both bacterial infection and tissue remodeling [1].
• Staphylococcus aureus lipotechoic acid induces differential expression of bovine serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) by mammary epithelial cells: Implications for early diagnosis of mastitis [2].

High impact information on SAA3

• Although the liver is the primary site for the production of acute phase proteins, typically serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) and serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), analysis of the differential expression of serum amyloid A3 (SAA3) by mammary epithelial cells is limited [1].
• Our previous study showed that bovine SAA3 is also differentially expressed in response to the gram-negative bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide [2].
• Two-dimensional immunoblot analyses of colostrum and milk from healthy cows, as well as conditioned medium from PRL or LPS stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells confirmed the differential production and secretion of M-SAA3 while other SAA isoforms were not detected [3].
• These data indicate that the bovine Saa3 gene is regulated differently from the other Saa genes with regard to the site of and stimulus for expression, suggesting an important tissue-specific function for bovine M-SAA3 during lactation and mammary infection [3].
• Elevated extrahepatic expression and secretion of mammary-associated serum amyloid A 3 (M-SAA3) into colostrum [4].

Biological context of SAA3

• N-terminal sequencing of the mature M-SAA3 protein from all the three species revealed a conserved four amino acid motif (TFLK) within the first eight residues [4].

References