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Gene Review:

PORF-2 - preoptic regulatory factor-2

Rattus norvegicus

This record was replaced with 500901.

Nowak, F.V. et al., Hu, S.B. et al., Nowak, F.V. et al., Nowak, F.V. et al., Nowak, F.V. et al., et al.

Nowak, Torres, Golden, Hu, Nowak, Nowak, Torres, Hu, Nowak,

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High impact information on PORF-2

These preoptic area regulatory factor genes, PORF-1 and PORF-2, may thus encode members of a family of GnRH-related peptides which have been described in these tissues [1].
PORF-1 is a putative transcription factor while PORF-2 affects cell growth [2].
They are also expressed in the testis, where PORF-2 mRNA localizes to dividing germ cells while PORF-1 mRNA is associated with newly differentiated sperm [3].
In the cycling rat, PORF-1 mRNA levels were higher during proestrus than estrus in both the MBH and POA, while PORF-2 mRNA levels did not change [4].
PORF-1, PORF-2 and GnRH mRNAs were also measured in intact rats during estrus and proestrus [4].

Biological context of PORF-2

This suggests that PORF-1 and PORF-2 may play distinct roles in cell growth and differentiation [3].
The PORF-1 and PORF-2 peptides have the charges and hydrophobicities predicted from their brain cDNA open reading frames [2].
Porf-2 mRNA was also detected in human hypothalamus, testis, adrenal, placenta, and prostate with unique transcripts in each tissue examined . It has been shown elsewhere that porf-2 is a unique single copy gene in the rat genome [5].

Anatomical context of PORF-2

First, are PORF-1 and PORF-2 mRNAs expressed during perinatal development in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), and how do their levels vary [3]?
The preoptic area (POA), cerebral cortex (CC), and hippocampus (HIPP) expressed both Porf-1 and Porf-2 mRNA, while only Porf-2 mRNA was detectable in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) [6].
Porf-2 mRNA is localized to immature germ cells including spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes [7].

Associations of PORF-2 with chemical compounds

In contrast, E2/P4 upregulated the PORF-2 and NPY mRNAs in the HIPP and NPY mRNA in the MBH [4].

Other interactions of PORF-2

The effect of age on Porf-2 mRNA in the POA was similar to that seen for Porf-1, with the highest expression observed in the 2-month-old rats [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PORF-2

In this study, nuclease protection assays were employed to investigate Porf-1 and Porf-2 mRNA expression in male rat brains of different ages [6].
In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that PORF-1 and PORF-2 mRNAs are expressed in hypothalamic neurons [4].
Tissue-specific porf-1 and porf-2 mRNAs are also found in the testis and hypophysectomy may alter testicular porf-2 expression [7].
Modulation of preoptic regulatory factor-2 (porf-2) mRNAs by castration and hypophysectomy [5].
In order to investigate the effects of reproductive hormone status on expression of porf-2 in the male rat, porf-2 transcripts were studied by Northern blot analysis in intact, hypophysectomized, and castrated rat POA, medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), cerebral cortex (CC), testis, and liver [5].

References

Cloning of two hypothalamic cDNAs encoding tissue-specific transcripts in the preoptic area and testis. Nowak, F.V. Mol. Endocrinol. (1990) [Pubmed]
Expression and characterization of the preoptic regulatory factor-1 and -2 peptides. Nowak, F.V. Regul. Pept. (2003) [Pubmed]
Perinatal developmental changes in expression of the neuropeptide genes preoptic regulatory factor-1 and factor-2, neuropeptide Y and GnRH in rat hypothalamus. Nowak, F.V., Gore, A.C. J. Neuroendocrinol. (1999) [Pubmed]
Differential gene expression response to gonadal hormones by preoptic regulatory factors-1 and -2 in the female rat brain. Nowak, F.V., Torres, G.E., Hu, S.B. Neuroendocrinology (1999) [Pubmed]
Modulation of preoptic regulatory factor-2 (porf-2) mRNAs by castration and hypophysectomy. Nowak, F.V. Endocrine (1997) [Pubmed]
Regional distinction in age-related changes of preoptic regulatory factor-1 and preoptic regulatory factor-2 mRNA expression in the rat brain. Hu, S.B., Nowak, F.V. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. (1994) [Pubmed]
Expression of the preoptic regulatory factor-1 and -2 genes in rat testis. Developmental and hormonal regulation. Nowak, F.V., Torres, G., Golden, J., Hu, S.B. Endocrine (1997) [Pubmed]

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