Disease relevance of Preoptic Area

• These results suggest that augmentation of norepinephrine release in the preoptic area is responsible for hypothermia during general anesthesia [1].
• Prostaglandin E2 in the medial preoptic area produces hyperalgesia and activates pain-modulating circuitry in the rostral ventromedial medulla [2].
• When NMDA was infused into the preoptic area (POA) there was no effect on lordosis responding of full receptive females, but AP-5 infusion resulted in a significant inhibition of lordosis at 10 min post-infusion [3].
• Effects of tumor-induced hyperprolactinemia on LH secretion following stimulation of the medial preoptic area, pituitary responsiveness and the estrogen-induced LH surge [4].
• Antibodies to macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta in preoptic area of rats fail to suppress PGE2 hyperthermia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Preoptic Area

• In the final experiment (no. 4) bilateral infusions of 40 ng of ovine PRL into the medial preoptic area of steroid-treated rats resulted in a pronounced stimulation of maternal behavior [6].
• Proestrous rats under pentobarbital anesthesia during the 'critical period' were electrically stimulated in either the medial preoptic area (mPOA) or the anterior basal tuber [7].
• Dopamine in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) plays a significant role in regulation of male copulation [8].
• The results indicate that: (1) NO acts as an inhibitory mechanism when thirst is stimulated by water deprivation or by angiotensin II; (2) the preoptic area might be one of the central sites of antidipsogenic action of NO and (3) nitric oxide synthase might be inhibited during water deprivation [9].
• This study shows that the medial preoptic area is identified as an additional relay for the excitatory transmission by examining the effectiveness of locally infused lignocaine anaesthetic in blocking the transmission and that of electrical stimulation in evoking a shorter latency response [10].

High impact information on Preoptic Area

• Microinjection of arginine vasopressin into the medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus of male and female golden hamsters triggered a complex, stereotypic behavior--flank marking--a type of scent marking used in olfactory communication [11].
• The increase, which is specific to the preoptic area, is reversed by estrogen [12].
• Antibodies to rat prolactin were used in immunohistochemical studies of the hypothalamus and preoptic area of the rat [13].
• Forebrain limbic sites connect with the PVN via interactions with GABA-containing neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, preoptic area and hypothalamus [14].
• Also, testosterone may stimulate song behavior by acting in brain regions outside of the song control system such as in the preoptic area or in catecholamine cell groups in the brainstem [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Preoptic Area

• Morphiceptin, a selective mu opioid agonist, injected into the medial preoptic area (MPOA), delayed the onset of copulation in male rats, but did not affect genital reflexes, sexual motivation or general motor activity [16].
• Muscarinic receptors in the preoptic area are sensitive to 17 beta-estradiol during the critical period [17].
• Regulation of lordosis behaviour in the female rat by corticotropin-releasing factor, beta-endorphin/corticotropin and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone neuronal systems in the medial preoptic area [18].
• Testosterone implanted in the preoptic area of male Japanese quail must be aromatized to activate copulation [19].
• Estrogen treatment activates mu-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic area inhibiting lordosis, but ultimately appears important for progesterone facilitation of lordosis [20].

Biological context of Preoptic Area

• Surprisingly, L-PGDS gene expression is reduced 2-fold after E(2) treatment in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), the suspected site of action for the sleep-promoting effects of PGD(2) [21].
• PGD2 increased nonrapid eye movement sleep and induced striking expression of Fos in the ventrolateral preoptic area (VLPO), a cluster of neurons that may promote sleep by inhibiting the tuberomammillary nucleus, the source of the ascending histaminergic arousal system [22].
• We used c-fos immunohistochemistry to investigate pup-induced neuronal activation in different forebrain regions and found a significant reduction in the medial preoptic area, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, and the lateral septum both in postpartum females and in virgin females after foster pup exposure [23].
• The present study determined that implantation of progesterone into the anterior hypothalamus preoptic area of castrated, progesterone-sensitive males completely restored sexual behavior but failed to elicit sexual activity in castrated, progesterone-insensitive males [24].
• Fever is thought to be initiated by pyrogenic cytokines inducing the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the preoptic area (POA); PGE2 may act as a paracrine mediator that stimulates the neural pathways that raise body temperature [25].

Anatomical context of Preoptic Area

• Analysis of AR-positive neurons reveals both known dimorphisms in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as well as novel dimorphic islands in the basal forebrain with a clarity unencumbered by the vast population of AR-negative neurons [26].
• Progesterone-sensitive males showed significantly higher relative abundance of androgen receptor-mRNA in the preoptic area, amygdala, and lateral septum, as compared with progesterone-insensitive animals receiving the same treatment [24].
• Preliminary evidence indicates that the sites of action of PGD2 and E2 are located in the sleep and wake centers in or near the preoptic area and posterior hypothalamus, respectively [27].
• Subsequent treatment with 500 micrograms of progesterone 1 hr before perfusion increased the intensity of the immunostaining within the medial preoptic area and the dorsal medial hypothalamus, although it had no significant effect on Fos-IR cell number [28].
• The transcription factor Vax1, an intracellular mediator of both Shh and Fgf signaling, is expressed at high levels in the medial and lateral ganglionic eminences (MGE and LGE, respectively), in the septal area (SA), in the anterior entopeduncular area (AEP) and in the preoptic area (POA) [29].

Associations of Preoptic Area with chemical compounds

• Neurons that do not contain ACh, including GABA-containing neurons in the basal forebrain and preoptic area, are active in a reciprocal manner to the neurons of the arousal systems: one group discharges with slow cortical activity during SWS, and another discharges with behavioral quiescence and loss of postural muscle tone during SWS and PS [30].
• Sexually dimorphic expression of estrogen receptor beta in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the rat preoptic area: implication in luteinizing hormone surge [31].
• Androgen- and estrogen-binding macromolecules from the hypothalamus plus preoptic area of 3- to 4-week-old mice have been detected and partially characterized [32].
• Furthermore, cell bodies in the preoptic area contained both leukotriene C4- and LHRH-like immunoreactivities, suggesting localization of these two compounds in the same neurons [33].
• Electrophysiological experiments on preoptic area/anterior hypothalamic neurons show that C2-ceramide, but not dihydroceramide, mimics the rapid hyperpolarizing effects of IL-1beta on the activity of warm-sensitive hypothalamic neurons [34].

Gene context of Preoptic Area

• Overexpression or knock-down of these three proteins in cultured cells further suggests their essential role in intron A excision activities, and their presence in GnRH neurons of the mouse preoptic area further strengthens this possibility [35].
• In situ hybridization studies have demonstrated that ER-beta mRNA is present in the rat brain as well as the preoptic area of the ERKO mouse brain [36].
• These preoptic area regulatory factor genes, PORF-1 and PORF-2, may thus encode members of a family of GnRH-related peptides which have been described in these tissues [37].
• GALP-containing neurons are closely apposed to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the preoptic area, and CNS injections of GALP stimulate GnRH-mediated secretion of luteinizing hormone [38].
• First, we examined the effects of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment on the release of plasma LH, and of GnRH, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (MPOA), where the majority of GnRH neuronal perikarya are located [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Preoptic Area

• TH activity was measured in dissections of whole hypothalamus (excluding the preoptic area), the preoptic area containing a rostral extension of the A14 group, the mediobasal hypothalamus containing the A12 group, and the mediodorsal hypothalamus containing neurons of the A13 and A14 groups [40].
• Northern blot analysis indicated a threefold augmented abundance of TRH precursor mRNA in the preoptic area of SHR [41].
• Renin administered into the preoptic area at 105 days of age caused an increase in salt intake, but the increase was markedly inhibited by the oral administration of taurine as well [42].
• Characterization of tritiated noradrenaline release from the rat preoptic area with microdialysis in vivo [43].
• Electrical stimulation of the preoptic area resulted in a significant increase in the secretion rate of immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) and its concentration in the hypophysial portal blood of urethane-anesthetized rats [44].

References