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Gene Review:

rps6-b - ribosomal protein S6

Xenopus laevis

Maller, J.L. et al., Barrett, C.B. et al., Maller, J.L. et al., Sturgill, T.W. et al., Wettenhall, R.E. et al., et al.

Loreni, Thomas, Amaldi,

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Disease relevance of rps6

Ribosomal protein S6 is a component of the eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunit that becomes phosphorylated on multiple serine residues in response to a variety of mitogens, including insulin, growth factors, and transforming proteins of many oncogenic viruses [1].
Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts is dependent on the presence of serum, but after transformation of these cells by Abelson murine leukemia virus (Ab-MuLV), S6 remained highly phosphorylated on serine residues either in the absence or the presence of serum [2].

High impact information on rps6

Insulin-stimulated MAP-2 kinase phosphorylates and activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase II [1].
Increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 following microinjection of insulin receptor-kinase into Xenopus oocytes [3].
On the other hand, the insulin stimulation of an S6 kinase, detected by using 40S ribosomes as substrate, was unaffected even though PTPase 1B partially prevented the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in vivo [4].
Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on serine after microinjection of the Abelson murine leukemia virus tyrosine-specific protein kinase into Xenopus oocytes [2].
The availability of purified rsk kinase will enhance study of the signal transduction pathway(s) regulating phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in Xenopus oocytes [5].

Biological context of rps6

Experiments indicate that, in vivo, many of these viruses or growth factors induce an increase in cellular phosphotyrosine, as well as an increase in the phosphorylation of serine residues on proteins, including ribosomal protein S6 [3].
A 32 kDa protein--whose phosphorylation correlates with oncogenic Ras-induced cell cycle arrest in activated Xenopus egg extracts--is identified as ribosomal protein S6 [6].
Concentrations of act D sufficient to induce TOP mRNA translation also induce 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinases 1 (S6K1) activation [7].
Substrate specificity of ribosomal protein S6 kinase II from Xenopus eggs [8].

Anatomical context of rps6

Protein phosphatases 1 and 2B from rabbit skeletal muscle were found to catalyze the dephosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in vitro [9].

Associations of rps6 with chemical compounds

Ribosomal protein S6 becomes highly phosphorylated during progesterone- or insulin-induced maturation of Xenopus laevis oocytes [10].
Ribosomal protein S6 is the principal phosphoprotein of the eucaryotic ribosome that becomes multiply phosphorylated on serine residues in response to a wide variety of mitogenic stimuli [11].
Using this protein, termed "rsk" for Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase, as a substrate, we have purified to homogeneity from unfertilized Xenopus eggs a 41-kDa serine/threonine kinase termed rsk kinase [5].

Other interactions of rps6

Previous studies have shown that increased ribosomal protein S6 kinase activity in unfertilized Xenopus eggs can be resolved by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography into two peaks, designated S6 kinase I and S6 kinase II [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of rps6

Phosphorylated ribosomal proteins were isolated from Xenopus 40 S ribosomal subunits by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to enable direct analysis of the phosphorylation sites in ribosomal protein S6 [13].
Ribosomal protein S6 from Xenopus laevis ovaries was prepared by ion-exchange chromatography on phosphocellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 [14].
The phosphorylation status of ribosomal protein S6 from control oocytes and the temporal changes in S6 phosphorylation after progesterone treatment were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis [15].

References

Insulin-stimulated MAP-2 kinase phosphorylates and activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase II. Sturgill, T.W., Ray, L.B., Erikson, E., Maller, J.L. Nature (1988) [Pubmed]
Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 on serine after microinjection of the Abelson murine leukemia virus tyrosine-specific protein kinase into Xenopus oocytes. Maller, J.L., Foulkes, J.G., Erikson, E., Baltimore, D. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1985) [Pubmed]
Increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 following microinjection of insulin receptor-kinase into Xenopus oocytes. Maller, J.L., Pike, L.J., Freidenberg, G.R., Cordera, R., Stith, B.J., Olefsky, J.M., Krebs, E.G. Nature (1986) [Pubmed]
Microinjection of a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase inhibits insulin action in Xenopus oocytes. Cicirelli, M.F., Tonks, N.K., Diltz, C.D., Weiel, J.E., Fischer, E.H., Krebs, E.G. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1990) [Pubmed]
A purified S6 kinase kinase from Xenopus eggs activates S6 kinase II and autophosphorylates on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. Barrett, C.B., Erikson, E., Maller, J.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
A 32 kDa protein--whose phosphorylation correlates with oncogenic Ras-induced cell cycle arrest in activated Xenopus egg extracts--is identified as ribosomal protein S6. Pian, J.P., Huang, T.L., Tsai, P.C., Shi, J.P., Cu, H., Pan, B.T. J. Cell. Physiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Transcription inhibitors stimulate translation of 5' TOP mRNAs through activation of S6 kinase and the mTOR/FRAP signalling pathway. Loreni, F., Thomas, G., Amaldi, F. Eur. J. Biochem. (2000) [Pubmed]
Substrate specificity of ribosomal protein S6 kinase II from Xenopus eggs. Erikson, E., Maller, J.L. Second Messengers Phosphoproteins (1988) [Pubmed]
Identification of protein phosphatases 1 and 2B as ribosomal protein S6 phosphatases in vitro and in vivo. Andres, J.L., Johansen, J.W., Maller, J.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1987) [Pubmed]
Antibodies to Xenopus egg S6 kinase II recognize S6 kinase from progesterone- and insulin-stimulated Xenopus oocytes and from proliferating chicken embryo fibroblasts. Erikson, E., Stefanovic, D., Blenis, J., Erikson, R.L., Maller, J.L. Mol. Cell. Biol. (1987) [Pubmed]
Purification and characterization of a novel protein phosphatase highly specific for ribosomal protein S6. Andres, J.L., Maller, J.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) [Pubmed]
In vivo phosphorylation and activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases during Xenopus oocyte maturation. Erikson, E., Maller, J.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1989) [Pubmed]
Ordered multisite phosphorylation of Xenopus ribosomal protein S6 by S6 kinase II. Wettenhall, R.E., Erikson, E., Maller, J.L. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
Ribosomal protein S6 from Xenopus laevis ovaries. Isolation, phosphorylation in vivo and cross-reaction with heterologous anti-S6 antibodies. Kalthoff, H., Darmer, D., Towbin, H., Gordon, J., Amons, R., Möller, W., Richter, D. Eur. J. Biochem. (1982) [Pubmed]
The phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 from progesterone-stimulated Xenopus laevis oocytes. Kinetic studies and phosphopeptide analysis. Kruppa, J., Darmer, D., Kalthoff, H., Richter, D. Eur. J. Biochem. (1983) [Pubmed]

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