Psychiatry related information on Olfm1

• Future studies will determine whether AMY plaques are non-amyloid precursors to senile plaques or if they represent an independent type of structural lesion in the Alzheimer's disease brain [1].

High impact information on Olfm1

• The manuscript by Schmidt et al reports that antibodies generated to paired helical filaments (AMY antibodies) unexpectedly labeled novel non-amyloid, plaque-like structures (AMY plaques) in aged and Alzheimer's disease brains [1].
• The relationship of AMY plaques to age-related glial changes that some have speculated may be precursors to senile plaques remains to be determined, as is the relationship of AMY plaques to more widely recognized amyloid-containing plaques [1].
• Molecular evolution of olfactomedin [2].
• Furthermore, extensive modification of its N-terminal half and the acquisition of a C-terminal SDEL endoplasmic-reticulum-targeting sequence may have enabled olfactomedin to adopt new functions in the mammalian central nervous system [2].
• We have identified a novel mouse gene named pancortin that is expressed dominantly in the mature cerebral cortex [3].

Biological context of Olfm1

• The deduced amino acid sequence of human myocilin showed significant homologies with nonmuscle myosin of Dictyostelium discoideum in the N-terminal region and also with olfactomedin of bullfrog in the C-terminal region [4].

Anatomical context of Olfm1

• In the present study, we showed that expression of mRNAs for A2-Pancortins (Pancortin species that contain the A2 part, i.e., Pancortin-3 and -4) is more dominant than that of mRNAs for A1-Pancortins (Pancortin species that contain the A1 part, i.e., Pancortin-1 and -2) in the prenatal mouse cerebral neocortex [3].
• Olfactomedin was originally identified as the major component of the mucus layer that surrounds the chemosensory dendrites of olfactory neurons [5].
• Immuno-electron microscopic study has revealed that Pancortin-like immunoreactive products are localized mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum and not in the Golgi apparatus indicating that Pancortins are the endoplasmic reticulum-anchored proteins [6].

Associations of Olfm1 with chemical compounds

• This gene produces four different species of proteins, Pancortin-1-4, sharing a common region in the middle of their structure with two variations at the N-terminal (A1 or A2 part) and C-terminal (C1 or C2 part) sides, respectively [3].
• In the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time test, AMY at the same doses significantly increased the animals sleeping time duration [7].
• In conclusion, the present work evidenced sedative and anxiolytic effects of AMY that might involve an action on benzodiazepine-type receptors, and also an antidepressant effect where noradrenergic mechanisms will probably play a role [7].
• However, the antidepressant AMY effects were not altered by the previous administration of paroxetine, a selective blocker of serotonin uptake [7].
• In the present study, we examined the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of the mixture of alpha- and beta-amyrin (AMY), pentacyclic triterpenes isolated from the stem bark resin of Protium heptaphyllum [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Olfm1

• In situ hybridization histochemistry using oligonucleotide probes specific for 5'- and 3'-end variable parts has revealed that these four pancortin mRNAs are expressed differentially in the adult rodent brain [6].
• In the open-field test, AMY at the doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg, after intraperitoneal or oral administrations, significantly decreased the number of crossings, grooming, and rearing [7].

References