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Gene Review

Dkk2  -  dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis)

Mus musculus

Synonyms: Dickkopf-2, Dickkopf-related protein 2, Dkk-2, mDkk-2
 
 
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High impact information on Dkk2

  • Dkk2 has a role in terminal osteoblast differentiation and mineralized matrix formation [1].
  • Human and mouse genetic and in vitro evidence has shown that canonical Wnt signaling promotes bone formation, but we found that mice lacking the canonical Wnt antagonist Dickkopf2 (Dkk2) were osteopenic [1].
  • Dkk2 plays an essential role in the corneal fate of the ocular surface epithelium [2].
  • Here, we show that Dkk2-mediated repression of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is essential to promote differentiation of the corneal epithelial progenitor cells into a non-keratinizing stratified epithelium [2].
  • Complete transformation of the corneal epithelium into a stratified epithelium that expresses epidermal-specific differentiation markers and develops appendages such as hair follicles is achieved in the absence of the Dkk2 gene function [2].
 

Biological context of Dkk2

 

Anatomical context of Dkk2

  • Dkk2 was seen in the dental papilla, whereas Dkk3 was specifically expressed in the putative epithelial signaling centers, the primary and secondary enamel knots [5].
  • Unexpectedly, the Wnt antagonist Dkk2 is required for terminal osteoblast differentiation and mineralized matrix formation [4].
  • 5. The other currently known family members, Dkk-2 and -3, are not expressed in the limb bud before E11.5 (C. Niehrs, pers. commun.) while the limb pattern is established [6].
 

Other interactions of Dkk2

References

  1. Dkk2 has a role in terminal osteoblast differentiation and mineralized matrix formation. Li, X., Liu, P., Liu, W., Maye, P., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Hurley, M., Guo, C., Boskey, A., Sun, L., Harris, S.E., Rowe, D.W., Ke, H.Z., Wu, D. Nat. Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Dkk2 plays an essential role in the corneal fate of the ocular surface epithelium. Mukhopadhyay, M., Gorivodsky, M., Shtrom, S., Grinberg, A., Niehrs, C., Morasso, M.I., Westphal, H. Development (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. Developmental expression of Dkk1-3 and Mmp9 and apoptosis in cranial base of mice. Nie, X., Luukko, K., Fjeld, K., Kvinnsland, I.H., Kettunen, P. J. Mol. Histol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  4. Deletion of a single allele of the Dkk1 gene leads to an increase in bone formation and bone mass. Morvan, F., Boulukos, K., Clément-Lacroix, P., Roman Roman, S., Suc-Royer, I., Vayssière, B., Ammann, P., Martin, P., Pinho, S., Pognonec, P., Mollat, P., Niehrs, C., Baron, R., Rawadi, G. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Dynamic expression of Wnt signaling-related Dickkopf1, -2, and -3 mRNAs in the developing mouse tooth. Fjeld, K., Kettunen, P., Furmanek, T., Kvinnsland, I.H., Luukko, K. Dev. Dyn. (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Expression pattern of Dkk-1 during mouse limb development. Grotewold, L., Theil, T., Rüther, U. Mech. Dev. (1999) [Pubmed]
  7. Downregulation of Wnt signaling by increased expression of Dickkopf-1 and -2 is a prerequisite for late-stage osteoblast differentiation of KS483 cells. van der Horst, G., van der Werf, S.M., Farih-Sips, H., van Bezooijen, R.L., Löwik, C.W., Karperien, M. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2005) [Pubmed]
 
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