Disease relevance of Mandrillus

• Phylogenetic studies conducted on the LTR as well as on the env gp21 region showed that these three new STLV-1 strains from mandrills fall in the same monophyletic clade, supported by high bootstrap values, as do the sequences of HTLV-1 subtype D [1].
• Two animals (a Mandrillus sphinx and a Cercocebus agilis) exhibited a complete HTLV-1 seroreactivity pattern while two others lacked either the p24 (a Mandrillus sphinx) or the MTA-1/gp46 bands (a Pan troglodytes) [2].
• In contrast, the tat and rev gene products of HIV-2, SIVAGM (virus of the African green monkey), and SIVMND (virus of the mandrill) did not fully transactivate the HIV-1 [3].

High impact information on Mandrillus

• Sera from a mandrill experimentally infected with L. loa also precipitated the 23-kDa Ag when taken post-patency [4].
• We identified for the first time STLV-1 sequences in mustached monkeys (Cercopithecus cephus), talapoins (Miopithecus ogouensis), and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) and confirmed STLV-1 infection in mandrills, African green monkeys, agile mangabeys, and crested mona and greater spot-nosed monkeys [5].
• Despite the genetic relationship to SIVcpz in the pol gene, SIVrcmNG411 did not replicate in chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), although two other viruses unrelated to SIVcpz, SIVmndGB1 (from mandrills) and SIVlhoest (from L'Hoest monkeys), were able to grow in chimpanzee PBMC [6].
• They were first recognized when isolated from the brain of a mandrill baboon that died in the San Diego Zoo Wild Life Animal Park. Subsequently, the amoebas have been found in a variety of animals, including humans (young and old, immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons), in countries around the world [7].
• Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) are forest primates indigenous to western central Africa. Phylogenetic analysis of 267 base pairs (bp) of the cytochrome b gene from 53 mandrills of known and 17 of unknown provenance revealed two phylogeographical groups, with haplotypes differentiated by 2.6% comprising seven synonymous transitions [8].

Associations of Mandrillus with chemical compounds

• We examined changes in male secondary sexual adornments and testosterone levels, in relation to seasonal changes in the female reproductive cycle and sexual skin morphology, in two semifree-ranging mandrill groups [9].
• After the glass mandrill was removed, this polyurethane tube was placed into 1 mmol hydrochloric acid for 1 hour, and a microporous polyurethane vascular prosthesis of 20 mm in length was completed [10].

Gene context of Mandrillus

• A phylogenetic analysis based on the pol sequence showed that the newly found SIVs from Cameroonian mandrills did not cluster with SIVmndGB1, which is the former representative strain of SIVmnd [11].
• At the end of prepatency (on day 130), mandrills with delayed appearance of microfilaraemia exhibited a high, transient IL-2 and IL-4 secretion in response to L3 Ag [12].
• Use of polymerase chain reaction for accurate follow-up of Loa loa experimental infection in Mandrillus sphinx [13].
• Purified cells were exposed to a primary isolate of SIVmnd grown in the infected mandrill peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and viral p27 gag antigen was quantitated by antigen capture ELISA [14].
• It has been shown that the human and gorilla trypanocidal factor share cross-reactive antigenic epitopes, but do not share similar cross-reactive epitopes with the baboon and mandrill factor [15].

References