Disease relevance of POLYURETHANE

• Extreme toxicity from combustion products of a fire-retarded polyurethane foam [1].
• An epidemic of urinary retention among workers in a polyurethane manufacturing plant was discovered in the spring of 1978 [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Small grafts show a high rate of graft thrombosis and an enhanced intimal hyperplasia. ePTFE grafts show significantly less intimal hyperplasia and percentage of stenosis than polyurethane grafts [3].
• Intimal wall thickness and percentage of stenosis were significantly more pronounced in the polyurethane than ePTFE grafts (P < 0.01) [3].
• Glucocorticoids, administered at physiological concentrations, inhibited angiogenesis in an in vitro aortic ring model and in vivo in polyurethane sponges implanted s.c. RU38486-enhanced angiogenesis in s.c. sponges, in healing surgical wounds, and in the myocardium of mice 7 days after myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation [4].

Psychiatry related information on POLYURETHANE

• The effect of psychological stress on platelet adhesion to five polymeric materials (polyurethane, polyurethane filled with BaSO4, polyethyleneterephthalate, silicone and low-density polyethylene) was studied [5].
• Male polyurethane condoms do not enhance brief HIV-STD risk reduction interventions for heterosexually active men: results from a randomized test of concept [6].
• While the former is used for the production of polyurethane foams, the latter is a psychometric drug, which is becoming increasingly popular in the techno scene [7].
• Forty-six subjects aged 17 to 79 years who had not fallen in the previous year were exposed to an illusory visual stimulus while they stood on a force platform, with or without the introduction of a polyurethane foam pad under their feet to reduce proprioception [8].
• Bond strengths were significantly greater for polyurethane treated with primer 1205 rather than S-2260 regardless of the polymerization method or primer reaction time [9].

High impact information on POLYURETHANE

• Among 87,501 women who were eligible for follow-up, 516 were confirmed as having definite connective-tissue diseases and 1183 as having breast implants (of which 876 were silicone-gel-filled, 170 saline-filled, 67 double-lumen, 14 polyurethane-coated, and 56 of unknown type) [10].
• Toxicology of urea formaldehyde and polyurethane foam insulation [11].
• This study evaluates the kinetics, distribution, and bioactivity of the model drug forskolin delivered to the local arterial wall by a polyurethane-coated removable metallic stent [12].
• Woven Dacron, polyvinylchloride, and polyurethane catheters were tested and compared with identical catheters with heparin-bonded surfaces in 47 patients undergoing percutaneous cardiac catheterization [13].
• Following routine coronary arteriography, surface irregularities and thrombogenesis of the inner and outer wall of six Ducor polyurethane and six RPX polyethylene coronary catheters were studied by scanning electron microscopy [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of POLYURETHANE

• Because of publicity over the toxicity of urea formaldehyde foam, many physicians and patients have confused urea formaldehyde and polyurethane foam [11].
• CONCLUSION: The use of polyurethane hemodialysis catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin decreases the risk of catheter-related infection in patients with acute renal failure [15].
• In an in vitro model, the activity of sodium bisulfite (an antioxidant added to many drugs) heparin with chlorbutol or chlorcresol as preservatives, and their combination with cefpirom for treating the internal surface of polyurethane and silicone catheters colonized with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied [16].
• Efficacy of dicloxacillin-coated polyurethane catheters in preventing subcutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice [17].
• At post-mortem morphometry the degree of luminal area stenosis was also similar in polyurethane-coated and in bare metallic stents (32 +/- 7.6% vs. 39 +/- 14%, NS) but reached 81 +/- 19% in polyphosphazene-coated stents (P < 0.03 when compared to bare metal) [18].

Biological context of POLYURETHANE

• The effects of smoke inhalation on the pulmonary surfactant system were examined in mice exposed for 30 minutes to smoke generated from the burning of polyurethane foam [19].
• Metallic stents coated with a polyurethane emulsion containing plasmid DNA were implanted in rabbit iliac arteries to evaluate transgene delivery and expression in the vessel wall [20].
• Neutrophil chemotaxis on silicone and polyurethane surfaces [21].
• Urokinase-immobilized polyurethane catalyzed the digestion of clotting factors as well as fibrinolysis and also inhibited platelet adhesion on its surface probably by inhibiting protein adsorption and its clinical application including vessel prosthesis should be developed further [22].
• In one case, foreign material consistent with polyurethane was demonstrated by histology and electron microscopy [23].

Anatomical context of POLYURETHANE

• A new three-dimensional culture system for hepatocytes using reticulated polyurethane [24].
• To circumvent this problem, the textured, fibril surface of a polyurethane pump chamber (mat thickness 430 microns) was inoculated with cultured bovine fetal fibroblasts (labelled with thymidine-14C) prior to animal implantation [25].
• Polymeric stenting in the porcine coronary artery model: differential outcome of exogenous fibrin sleeves versus polyurethane-coated stents [26].
• VAFC employs suction applied to a large polyurethane sponge under an occlusive dressing in the wound and allows for constant medial traction of the abdominal fascia [27].
• Similarly, polyurethane films with direct attachment of antivector antibodies to the surface were used in sheep pulmonary valve leaflet replacement studies, simulating the blood contacting environment of a prosthetic heart valve cusp [28].

Associations of POLYURETHANE with other chemical compounds

• PURPOSE: To investigate the technical feasibility and clinical effectiveness of a polyurethane-covered expandable nitinol stent in the treatment of malignant gastroduodenal obstructions [29].
• PE was more commonly present in patients with polyvinyle chloride or polyethylene catheters (10/38, 26%) as compared to patients with either polyurethane or siliconized catheters (3/41, 7%; p < 0.05, Chi-Square test; Odds Ratio = 4.52, 95% CI 1.01-23.07) [30].
• Chronic arterial-thromboembolism was initiated by segments of polyurethane (Biomer) cannula introduced into chronic arteriovenous shunts [31].
• A hybrid sol-gel/polyurethane glucose biosensor that releases nitric oxide is developed and characterized [32].
• The polyurethane- and silicone-rubber-based membranes exhibit less overall nonspecific protein adsorption than the PVC or hydroxylated PVC matrices [33].
• Results indicated that incorporation of 25mg/g dexamethasone acetate (DexA) into the siloxane-based polyurethane resulted in no significant difference in the biostability and biocompatibility of the material [34].

Gene context of POLYURETHANE

• The inhibitors were administered into a polyether polyurethane scaffold implant in mice at the selected doses, and the total neovascularization after the administration of HGF/SF was quantified using a (133)Xenon clearance technique, vessel counts, and immunohistochemistry [35].
• Monocytes/macrophages on polyurethane and teflon, and those on silicone only in long culture-time produced high GM-CSF amounts, where as those on TCPS exhibited low levels of GM-CSF [36].
• The results show that pre-adsorption of a hydrophobic cellulose ether with a flocculation temperature < 37 degrees C, on polyurethane and polytetrafluoroethylene, decreased the adsorption of fibrinogen, fibronectin and vitronectin [37].
• Lysine-derivatized polyurethane as a clot lysing surface: conversion of adsorbed plasminogen to plasmin and clot lysis in vitro [38].
• Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) production by a high density culture of weakly adherent human embryonic kidney cells using a polyurethane-foam packed-bed culture system [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of POLYURETHANE

• Gas, dye, and viral transport through polyurethane condoms [40].
• Transparent polyurethane film as an intravenous catheter dressing. A meta-analysis of the infection risks [41].
• Scanning electron microscopy of surface irregularities and thrombogenesis of polyurethane and polyethylene coronary catheters [14].
• Methods of enzyme stabilization including adsorption, PEG-modification, and immobilization in polyurethane foam were ineffective in improving enzymatic activity in the hydrophilic ionic liquids [42].
• The polyurethane gastrostomy tube has been very durable; none has required replacement because of deterioration [43].

References