Disease relevance of Carbohydrate Sequence

• The pili of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAK and PAO bind specifically to the carbohydrate sequence beta GalNAc(1-4)beta Gal found in glycosphingolipids asialo-GM1 and asialo-GM2 [1].
• Vesicular stomatitis virus contains a single structural glycoprotein whose carbohydrate sequences are probably specified by the host cell [2].

High impact information on Carbohydrate Sequence

• The most significant finding was the presence of cell surface Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal residues as detected with the Sambucus nigra lectin on EAT-c and EAT-c/m cells, whereas EAT-wt cells contained little or none of such carbohydrate sequences [3].
• Results obtained with fibronectin are consistent with a model in which high-affinity binding (Kd approximately 34 nM) is mediated through the recognition of specific carbohydrate sequences [4].
• Both of these precursors appear to have an intracellular half-life of at least 1 hr and to contain the mannose core but not the terminal carbohydrate sequences [5].
• Since GC contains 60% carbohydrate by weight, we assessed the role of carbohydrate sequences on its interaction with antibody 6D1 and vWF [6].
• IgM antibodies in the sera from 2 other patients reacted with GD1a and GT1b gangliosides, which have a shared terminal carbohydrate sequence [7].

Biological context of Carbohydrate Sequence

• Sugar and methylation analyses using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy proved that the core oligosaccharides of Hafnia alvei strains 1185 and 1204 have the following formula: carbohydrate sequence [see text] where Kdo = 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid and P-PEtN = diphosphorylethanolamine [8].

Anatomical context of Carbohydrate Sequence

• These data suggest that uromodulin displays N-linked carbohydrate sequences capable of down-regulating antigen-specific T cell responses in vitro [9].
• The carbohydrate sequence recognized by 8G9D8, whether attached to an epidermal glycoprotein or glycolipid, may prove to be important in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation [10].
• Cell line RicR14, binding less ricin than normal BHK cells, contains reduced amounts of sialic acid, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine in cellular glycoproteins and lacks almost completely N-acetylglucosamine transferase I, an essential enzyme in assembly of ricin-binding carbohydrate sequences of N-glycans [11].

Associations of Carbohydrate Sequence with chemical compounds

• Binding also occurred to the GD1a and GT1b gangliosides, which have the same end carbohydrate sequence except for the terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid, but the affinity was only 1-9% of that of the gangliosides with a terminal disialosyl linkage [12].
• In this study four longer carbohydrate sequences (I-IV) attached to Ser or a dipeptide (Ser-Gly or Gly-Ser), which accounted for at least 18.2% of the total linkage region, were isolated from the same heparin preparation after digestion with heparinase only [13].
• This phospholipase-released antigen, as were most other FPM antigens, was a glycoprotein, although the carbohydrate sequences do not appear to influence antigenicity [14].
• The 8G9D8 antibody recognizes the carbohydrate sequence N-acetylneuraminic acid alpha 2----3 galactose beta 1----4 glucose (or N-acetylglucosamine) [10].
• These binding interactions and the ensuing functional effects often depend on defined carbohydrate sequences within the HS chains, whereby the required sequences are not always represented within all natural forms of the polysaccharide [15].

Gene context of Carbohydrate Sequence

• CA125 may therefore induce specific immunomodulatory effects by employing its carbohydrate sequences as functional groups, thereby promoting tumor progression [16].
• cDNA, amino acid and carbohydrate sequence of barley seed-specific peroxidase BP 1 [17].
• These HS species, along with previously identified oligosaccharides that interact with FGF1 and FGF2, constitute the first comprehensive survey of FGF-binding HS epitopes based on carbohydrate sequence analysis [18].
• The specific association of these unusual carbohydrate sequences with uromodulin could explain its enhanced immunomodulatory effects compared with THP obtained from males and nonpregnant females [19].
• In the rat and mouse, both antibodies recognize the same carbohydrate sequence [galactose beta 1-4(fucose alpha 1-3)N-acetylglucosamine] which characterizes SSEA-1 [20].

References