Disease relevance of Emericid

• A new polyether antibiotic, lonomycin, was isolated from the culture of Streptomyces ribosidifcus strain TM-481 [1].
• Lonomycin shows antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria [1].
• These studies involving 7 trials totaling 1,680 broiler chicks, have demonstrated that lonomycin at levels of .003125 to .0125% (dependent on species of Eimeria) in the feed is an effective aid in the control of avian coccidiosis in broiler chickens [2].

High impact information on Emericid

• The advantages and dynamic nature of the system are demonstrated by measuring the effects of the calcium ionophore lonomycin and of extracellular ATP on ciliated rabbit trachea [3].
• These data indicate that TCR zeta-CD3-dependent CD80 and CD86 co-signaling requires Pl3-kinase binding to the CD28pYMNM motif, while phorbol ester and lonomycin can bypass this requirement in CD28 co-stimulation [4].
• In this study, we have investigated whether CD28-associated Pl3-kinase is required for CD80 and CD86 co-stimulation, as well as in co-signaling that involves different primary signals (i.e. TCR zeta-CD3 versus phorbol ester/lonomycin) [4].
• By contrast, CD28 mediated co-stimulation involving receptor ligation plus phorbol ester/lonomycin induced IL-2 independent of Pl3-kinase binding to CD28 [4].
• Second, antigen induced a different pattern of transcription factor binding activities than PMA/lonomycin in DP thymocytes, AP-1 activity being selectively induced by antigen and NF-kappa B by PMA/lonomycin [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of Emericid

• Lonomycin B (II), C44H75O14Na, m.p. 181-182 degrees C, and lonomycin C (III), C43H73O14Na, m.p 186-187 degrees C, were isolated as their sodium salts from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces ribosidificus TM-481 [6].

Anatomical context of Emericid

• We show that stimulation of naive T cells (CD3+ CD45RA+) derived from cord blood by phorbol ester (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate: PMA) plus lonomycin induced detection of Types 1, 2 and 0 cells [7].
• During the acrosome reaction, induced in capacitated spermatozoa by lonomycin, Vn was released into the medium in a calcium-dependent manner [8].
• Luteolin monoglucuronide was hydrolyzed to free luteolin by beta-glucuronidase released from neutrophils stimulated with lonomycin and Cytocharasine B [9].

References