Disease relevance of Fonofos

• Although prostate cancer risk was unrelated to fonofos use overall, among applicators with a family history of prostate cancer, we observed a significant dose-response trend for lifetime exposuredays (ptrend = 0.02, RR highest tertile vs. unexposed = 1.77, 95% CI, 1.03-3.05; RRinteraction = 1.28, 95% CI, 1.07-1.54) [1].
• This study determined the acute and chronic toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide fonofos to standard freshwater aquatic organisms under laboratory conditions [2].
• The effects of fonofos in other soils and of the low rate of carbofuran applied to four different types of soils on the numbers of fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes were difficult to assess [3].

High impact information on Fonofos

• The odds ratios for four organophosphate insecticides (terbufos, fonofos, chlorpyrifos, and phorate) were elevated when these chemicals were modeled individually and remained elevated, though attenuated somewhat, when chlorimuron-ethyl was included [4].
• Phorate and fonofos also inhibited the production of most primary metabolites of CYP3A4 [5].
• Fonofos was stable when compared to their storage in C18 precolumns [6].
• This comparison was done to determine if the reported greater sensitivity of cattle to Dyfonate might be explained by a greater sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetylcholinesterase, in cattle to inhibition by Dyfonate's toxic metabolite, Dyfonate-oxon [7].
• The acute toxicity of fonofos and phosphamidon on three age classes of Artemia salina was evaluated [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fonofos

• Toxicity of aldicarb and fonofos to the early-life-stage of the fathead minnow [9].

Biological context of Fonofos

• The oral acute LD50 and LD1 of fonofos in Holstein cows were calculated by the Litchfield and Wilcoxon method to be 1.30 and 0.84 mg/kg, respectively, with a 95% confidence range of +/- 0.20 mg/kg [10].
• Several of the pesticides measured in floor wipe samples, Azinphos methyl, Fonofos, and Simazine, also showed seasonal variations [11].

Associations of Fonofos with other chemical compounds

• The enantiomers of five chiral pesticides of environmental interest, metalaxyl, imazaquin, fonofos (dyfonate), ruelene (cruformate), and dichlorprop, were separated analytically using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with cyclodextrin chiral selectors [12].
• Results demonstrated that the chlorinated pyridinyl ring of chlorpyrifos and the phenyl ring of fonofos undergo cleavage during biodegradation by the fungus [13].

References