Disease relevance of Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine mixture

• Consequently, for co-trimoxazole there is a buildup of SMZ metabolites which can only contribute to toxicity for co-trimoxazole, whereas the co-trimazine components have t1/2 values of the same order, also in renal dysfunction [1].
• Fifty-eight children, 1 to 12 years old, with either acute otitis media or acute maxillary sinusitis were treated with co-trimazine once daily over a period of 10 days [2].
• Treatment of upper respiratory tract infections with co-trimazine [3].
• The combination of carbenicillin, tribrissen and polymixin B was found to inhibit contaminating bacteria and allow Mycoplasma pulmonis to grow in the transport medium [4].

High impact information on Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine mixture

• Both co-trimazine and co-trimoxazole have high bioavailability [5].
• Clinical pharmacokinetics of co-trimazine [5].
• A comparison of co-trimazine once daily and co-trimoxazole twice daily in treatment of urinary tract infections in children [6].
• The significantly lower protein binding of sulphadiazine compared to sulphamethoxazole means that equivalent non-protein bound plasma levels of the two sulphonamides are achieved from smaller doses of co-trimazine than co-trimoxazole [7].
• However, co-trimazine may be more effective in the treatment of urinary tract infections in general because of the high concentrations of sulphadiazine in urine [8].

Anatomical context of Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine mixture

• Renal lymph and interstitial fluid concentration of co-trimazine: an experimental study in dogs [9].

Associations of Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine mixture with other chemical compounds

• Constant infusion experiments were performed on dogs to determine the concentration levels of co-trimazine (a combination of trimethoprim and sulphadiazine) in the dogs' prostatic secretion, prostatic interstitial fluid, prostatic tissue, urine, and other tissues [8].
• In a double-blind study geriatric patients received either 410 mg sulphadiazine plus 90 mg trimethoprim (co-trimazine) or 800 mg sulphamethoxazole plus 160 mg trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) twice daily [10].
• A study of co-trimazine tablets in 52 cases of urinary tract infection in children has shown that co-trimazine is at least as effective as co-trimoxazole, in which both the sulphonamide and the trimethoprim dose is higher than with co-trimazine [11].
• Clinical study of co-trimazine in urinary tract infections: a comparison with nitrofurantoin [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Trimethoprim-sulfadiazine mixture

• Renal clearance and renal hilar lymph and interstitial fluid concentrations of co-trimazine were investigated in dogs during constant intravenous infusion [9].
• In cross-over studies in volunteers receiving repeated daily doses of co-trimazine, either 500 mg twice daily or 1000 mg once daily, it was found that antibacterial activity in the urine was at least as high as that provided by co-trimoxazole (2 x 960 mg) and considerably higher and more uniform than that given by nitrofurantion (3 x 50 mg) [13].
• Plasma levels and renal excretion of sulphonamide and trimethoprim following oral administration of co-trimazine (140 mg sulphadiazine + 90 mg trimethoprim) and co-trimoxazole (800 mg sulphamethoxazole + 180 mg trimethoprim) were monitored in healthy volunteers after a single dose and in the steady state after 12-hourly dosage [14].

References