Disease relevance of Bactrim

• Escherichia coli was the predominant TMP-resistant organism isolated; 96 per cent of 165 TMP-resistant Esch. coli isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents, and 25 per cent were resistant to seven [1].
• Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network [2].
• Atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group [3].
• Brief report: trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia in a patient with AIDS [4].
• Outcomes after single-dose therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria with 43 courses of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and 23 of tobramycin included 15 cures, 40 relapses, and 11 treatment failures [5].

Psychiatry related information on Bactrim

• Thinking and decision making, bacterial style: Bacterial Neural Networks, Obernai, France, 7th-12th June 2002 [6].
• Since neither the small-molecule crystal nor a local minimum of the isolated molecule gave the conformation of TMP bound to the bacterial enzyme, a combination of several experimental and theoretical techniques may be necessary to probe accessible conformations of a molecule [7].
• Pathogenesis of urinary tract infections. Bacterial adherence, bladder defense mechanisms [8].
• Three non-fistulated ponies, acting as control animals, were fed the same dose of TMP/SCP with concentrate after 8 h of food deprivation and blood samples were taken [9].
• In Finland the usage of trimethoprim (TMP) alone constitutes about 25% of all drug usage for urinary tract infections [10].

High impact information on Bactrim

• Plant Stomata Function in Innate Immunity against Bacterial Invasion [11].
• Specific Bacterial Suppressors of MAMP Signaling Upstream of MAPKKK in Arabidopsis Innate Immunity [12].
• Eighteen isolates, representing four serotypes, had integrons with genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and beta-lactams [13].
• Images in clinical medicine. Bacterial perianal dermatitis [14].
• BACKGROUND: Bacterial vaginosis has been associated with preterm birth [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bactrim

• The prevalence of resistance to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole rose from more than 9% in 1992 to more than 18% in 1996 among E coli, and from 8% to 16% among all isolates combined [16].
• There was a statistically significant increasing linear trend in the prevalence of resistance from 1992 to 1996 among E coli and all isolates combined to ampicillin (P<.002), and to cephalothin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (P<.001) [16].
• Treatment for patients with PCP and respiratory failure should include either intravenous trimethoprim-sulfa-methoxazole or pentamidine isethionate, as well as adjuvant corticosteroids [17].
• An open randomised trial was conducted to compare ceftazidime (120 mg/kg/day) with "conventional therapy" (chloramphenicol 100 mg/kg/day, doxycycline 4 mg/kg/day, trimethoprim 10 mg/kg/day, and sulphamethoxazole 50 mg/kg/day) in the treatment of severe melioidosis [18].
• Dexamethasone for bacterial meningitis: we need the answer. Dutch Bacterial Meningitis Study Group [19].

Biological context of Bactrim

• Antibiotics containing trimethoprim and the fragile X chromosome [20].
• Such plasmids specify a protein that has enzymatic properties, immunological reactivity and molecular size characteristic of the mouse dihydrofolate reductase, and render host cells resistant to the antimetabolic drug trimethoprim [21].
• The core structure contains an active-site architecture that is unrelated to other DNA or RNA polymerase palm folds, but is instead related to the "toprim" fold [22].
• Microbiology. Bacterial population genetics and disease [23].
• OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of macrolide-resistant pneumococci in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analysis of 15 481 invasive isolates from 1995 to 1999 collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance system in 8 states [24].

Anatomical context of Bactrim

• Since death caused by diaminopimelic acid deprivation could release recombinant DNA before DNA is degraded because of thymine starvation, it is important to determine the "survival potential" of the released DNA's. Bacterial and plasmid DNA's extracted from bacterial cells are rapidly degraded when added to low dilutions of rat intestinal contents [25].
• Trimethoprim therapy for urinary tract infection. Long-term prophylaxis in a uremic patient [26].
• TMP/SMZ failed to eradicate H. influenzae b from the blood in 85% (17/20) or from the cerebrospinal fluid in 95% (19/20) of infected animals [27].
• Letter: Bacterial culture of jejunal mucosa in childhood caeliac disease [28].
• Treatment with trimethoprim rarely selected resistant pathogens in the sputum or resistant Enterobacteriacae in the intestine, although the incidence of resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci on the skin increased with both regimens [29].

Associations of Bactrim with other chemical compounds

• All the patients were treated with zidovudine and were randomly assigned to receive either 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim once daily or 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine administered every four weeks by jet nebulizer [30].
• Prophylactic sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [31].
• In chest infections in patients in general practice and in an acute geriatric assessment unit, the efficacy of each regimen was similar, but there were more side-effects with co-trimoxazole than with trimethoprim alone [29].
• We present evidence of Plasmodium falciparum cross-resistance between trimethoprim and pyrimethamine at the molecular level [32].
• METHODS: Bacterial metabolism and urease activity were determined by measuring pH changes in perfused microphysiometer chambers over a pH range from 2.5 to 9.0 with or without urea and survival by restoration of metabolism at pH 7 [33].

Gene context of Bactrim

• CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial cell wall polymers stimulate IL-1 and IL-1ra expression in vivo and in vitro [34].
• Studies with the recombinant enzyme show that trimethoprim is a very poor inhibitor of P. carinii DHFR and, in fact, is a more potent inhibitor of human DHFR [35].
• The Drosophila Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein DIAP2 Functions in Innate Immunity and Is Essential To Resist Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection [36].
• Cutting Edge: Loss of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 on Langerhans Cells Abolishes Bacterial Recognition [37].
• Using DPPI cDNA, we obtained two BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) clones that contained the murine DPPI locus [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bactrim

• Emergence of high-level trimethoprim resistance in fecal Escherichia coli during oral administration of trimethoprim or trimethoprim--sulfamethoxazole [1].
• Five per cent of patients given TMP/SMX, 8 per cent of those given TMP, and 49 per cent of those given placebo were considered treatment failures (P less than 0.001 for both active drugs as compared with placebo) [39].
• There was a trend toward earlier identification of infections in the sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim group (mean, 24.5 days) compared with the control group (mean, 47 days) [31].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bacterial overgrowth and intestinal pseudo-obstruction may succeed abdominal radiotherapy, and absence of intestinal migrating motor complex (MMC) has been reported in bacterial overgrowth [40].
• Trimethoprim resistance in urinary isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci in patients undergoing prostatectomy [41].

References