Disease relevance of Sulfamidyl

• Landmark article April 24, 1937. The treatment of meningococcic meningitis with sulfanilamide. Preliminary report. By Francis F. Schwentker, Sidney Gelman, and Perrin H. Long [1].
• Persistence of sulphonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction [2].
• Chloramphenicol and sulphonamide resistances were determined by one plasmid, of IncH, whose carriage also changed the Vi phage type [3].
• The cases, mainly in teenagers and young adults, were clustered in the Stroud district and in the southern part of Gloucester City, and most were caused by a sulphonamide-resistant group B type 15 meningococcus [4].
• The decrease in the frequency and severity of bacterial infections in four of five children with chronic granulomatous disease (C.G.D.) on long-term sulphonamide therapy was out of proportion to demonstrable direct antibacterial effects of the drug [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sulfamidyl

• 1. The present study examined the effects of the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist 4-amino-N-(2, 6 bis-methylamino-pyrimidin-4-yl)-benzene sulphonamide (Ro 04-6790) on locomotor activity and unconditioned behaviour in male Sprague Dawley rats (230-300 g) [6].

High impact information on Sulfamidyl

• Using the isoquinoline sulphonamide derivative H-8, which is a potent inhibitor of CTD kinase, we show that basal transcription occurs in the absence of CTD phosphorylation [7].
• Formation of a transplacental mutagen, 1,3-Di(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazene, from sodium nitrite and sulfanilamide in human gastric juice and in the stomachs of hamsters [8].
• The presence and locations of sulphonamide-resistance genes were examined by PCR, plasmid extraction, Southern hybridisation, and transconjugation [2].
• BM 13.177, a sulphonamide derivative, prevented platelet aggregation by thromboxane A2 in vitro and selectively inhibited contraction of isolated rabbit femoral arteries induced by two stable endoperoxide analogues [9].
• The Elixir Sulfanilamide disaster of 1937 was one of the most consequential mass poisonings of the 20th century [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sulfamidyl

• The Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, its effect on drug regulations, and the history of other diethylene glycol and diluent mass poisonings are discussed [10].
• Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1) null genotype and sulphonamide intolerance in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [11].
• Primary treatment of toxoplasmosis is with the synergistic combination of pyrimethamine and sulphonamide [12].
• Conclusion These results illustrate the wide distribution of sulphonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae in Bangui (CAR) [13].
• A new transposon, Tn2521, coding for carbenicillin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, and sulfanilamide resistance, has been identified in Pseudomonas aeruginosa [14].

Biological context of Sulfamidyl

• The conserved segment located 3' to the inserted resistance genes was sequenced from Tn21 and R46, and the sequences are identical over a region of 2026 bases, which includes the sulphonamide resistance gene sull, and two further open reading frames of unknown function [15].
• More than half (n = 32) were resistant to sulphonamide, a feature known to be associated with the presence of integrons [16].
• A slow acetylator genotype is a risk factor for sulphonamide-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome [17].
• Treatment with the COX-2-specific inhibitor N -(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methane sulphonamide has been shown previously to cause apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells [18].
• 6 The known inhibition of trypsin by Ag+ binding to histidine in the active site has been defined in mechanistic terms employing the sulphonamide drug, sulphadimidine, to illustrate this exchange mechanism [19].

Anatomical context of Sulfamidyl

• 1,3-Di(4-sulfamoylphenyl)triazene was abundantly produced by incubation of sulfanilamide (SA) and NaNO2 in human gastric juice [8].
• Inhibition of the salivary isozyme by sulfanilamide (Ki = 3.7 microM) was nearly as efficient as inhibition of the erythrocyte isozyme II (Ki = 1.1 microM) [20].
• The putative sulphonamide may be unique for oxidation by hypochlorous acid and thus provide a useful marker of neutrophil oxidant activity [21].
• Adoptive transfer of photoallergy to systemic sulfanilamide to naive recipients was accomplished by i.v. injection of lymph node cells (5 X 10(7) harvested from actively photosensitized donors [22].
• Intraperitoneal injection of sulphadimethoxine, a long-acting sulphonamide which displaces bilirubin from its albumin-binding sites and increases the bilirubin levels in tissues, further increased the already elevated concentrations of GST subunits in the lateral regions of cerebellar cortex of hyperbilirubinaemic rats [23].

Associations of Sulfamidyl with other chemical compounds

• Other substrates include the sulphonamide 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is an NAT1 specific substrate; N-acetylation of 5-ASA is a major route of metabolism [24].
• Plants exposed for 96 h to sulfanilamide, a dihydropteroate synthase inhibitor, showed little reduction in flux through GDC/SHMT [25].
• Effects of sulfanilamide and methotrexate on 13C fluxes through the glycine decarboxylase/serine hydroxymethyltransferase enzyme system in arabidopsis [25].
• The rabbit antibodies raised against a common (one-ring) p-aminobenzenesulfonamide hapten moiety (attached to a carrier protein through the N-1 position) in combination with a homologous hapten-peroxidase tracer allowed the detection of 15 sulfonamide species at the maximum residue limit level using direct ELISA [26].
• Sulfanilic acid, in contrast to sulfanilamide, has poor in vitro antibacterial activity [27].

Gene context of Sulfamidyl

• Several low nanomolar CA V inhibitors were detected (KI values in the range of 4-15 nM), most of them belonging to the acylated sulfanilamide, ureido-benzenesulfonamide, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide, and aminobenzolamide type of compounds [28].
• It has recently been shown that aliphatic sulphonamides are good inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase (CA) provided that the pK of the sulphonamide is low [29].
• The structure of a complex between carbonic anhydrase II and a new inhibitor, trifluoromethane sulphonamide [29].
• Introducing vectors containing the 3.8 kb NcoI fragment of S. venezuelae DNA into pabA and pabB mutants of Escherichia coli, or into the Streptomyces lividans pab mutant JG10, enhanced sulfanilamide resistance in the host strains [30].
• The sulfanilamide antibacterial agent sulfisoxazole was found to be a good endothelin receptor antagonist (IC50's of 0.60 microM and 22 microM for the ETA and ETB receptors, respectively) [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sulfamidyl

• Chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide: a sulfanilamide antitumor agent entering clinical trials [32].
• The cohort analysis included 3484 women who received a prescription for sulfamethizole from 30 days before conception to date of delivery, and 60175 women who did not use a sulphonamide-containing drug during pregnancy or 30 days before conception [33].
• METHODS: Thirty-four privately owned sulphonamide HS dogs, 10 sulphonamide-'tolerant' dogs, 18 sulphonamide-naïve dogs, and four dogs experimentally dosed with SMX and the oxidative metabolite SMX-nitroso, were tested for drug-serum adducts by immunoblotting, and anti-drug antibodies by ELISA [34].
• With PCR and sequence analysis these two were shown to harbour the new sulphonamide resistance gene sul3, which was carried by different plasmids [35].
• Detection and identification of sulphonamide drugs in municipal waste water by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry [36].

References