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Gene Review

rpoN  -  RNA polymerase factor sigma-54

Pseudomonas putida KT2440

 
 
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Disease relevance of rpoN

  • The gene cluster adjacent to the sequence of rpoN (encoding sigma factor sigma54) of Pseudomonas putida has been studied with respect to the C source regulation of the Pu promoter of the upper TOL (toluene catabolism) operon [1].
  • Mutations in genes downstream of the rpoN gene (encoding sigma 54) of Klebsiella pneumoniae affect expression from sigma 54-dependent promoters [2].
  • To investigate the involvement of RpoN in flagellum production and pathogenicity of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum, the rpoN gene was cloned and sequenced [3].
 

High impact information on rpoN

  • ORFs homologous to ORF95 are present downstream of four out of five rpoN genes sequenced to date from a range of Gram-negative bacteria, and ORF162 is also conserved, at least in Pseudomonas putida [2].
  • Both ptsN and ptsO, coding for the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) family proteins IIA(Ntr) and NPr, respectively, have been mapped adjacent to the rpoN gene of P. putida [4].
  • The promoter region of the starvation gene in the mutant MK107 possessed a strong sigma 54-type-promoter sequence, and deletion analysis suggested that this was the major promoter regulating expression; this was confirmed by transcript mapping in rpoN+ and rpoN mutant backgrounds [5].
  • XylS-independent induction by benzoate did not occur in a rpoN genetic background [6].
  • An rpoN-defective mutant of strain DS1, which lacks the sigma(54) factor, grew on MSA, but not on DMS, DMSO and DMSO(2), indicating that SfnR controls expression of gene(s) involved in DMSO(2) metabolism by interaction with sigma(54)-RNA polymerase [7].
 

Biological context of rpoN

  • The rpoN mutants were proficient in the expression of other proposed virulence determinants of V. anguillarum, such as ability to grow under low available iron conditions, and expression of the LPS O-antigen and of haemolytic and proteolytic extracellular products [3].
  • Insertional mutagenesis and analysis of mRNA transcripts showed that the rpoN gene is transcribed separately from the two downstream genes [8].
  • The DNA sequence downstream of the Pseudomonas putida rpoN gene and the adjacent ORF102 was determined [8].
 

Associations of rpoN with chemical compounds

  • No transcription of phaG and no PHA accumulation was detected in the rpoN-negative mutant of P. aeruginosa neither from gluconate nor from octanoate as carbon source [9].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of rpoN

  • The infectivity of the rpoN mutants with respect to the wild-type strain was unaffected following intraperitoneal injection of fish but was reduced significantly when fish were immersed in bacteria-containing water [3].
  • Transcriptional analysis applying reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed strong induction of phaG, encoding the transacylase, under nitrogen starvation in P. putida KT2440 and the respective rpoN-negative mutant, indicating an RpoN-independent regulation of phaG [9].

References

  1. The IIANtr (PtsN) protein of Pseudomonas putida mediates the C source inhibition of the sigma54-dependent Pu promoter of the TOL plasmid. Cases, I., Pérez-Martín, J., de Lorenzo, V. J. Biol. Chem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  2. Mutations in genes downstream of the rpoN gene (encoding sigma 54) of Klebsiella pneumoniae affect expression from sigma 54-dependent promoters. Merrick, M.J., Coppard, J.R. Mol. Microbiol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  3. RpoN of the fish pathogen Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is essential for flagellum production and virulence by the water-borne but not intraperitoneal route of inoculation. O'Toole, R., Milton, D.L., Hörstedt, P., Wolf-Watz, H. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (1997) [Pubmed]
  4. Role of ptsO in carbon-mediated inhibition of the Pu promoter belonging to the pWW0 Pseudomonas putida plasmid. Cases, I., Velázquez, F., de Lorenzo, V. J. Bacteriol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. A carbon starvation survival gene of Pseudomonas putida is regulated by sigma 54. Kim, Y., Watrud, L.S., Matin, A. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  6. Cross talk between catabolic pathways in Pseudomonas putida: XylS-dependent and -independent activation of the TOL meta operon requires the same cis-acting sequences within the Pm promoter. Kessler, B., Marqués, S., Köhler, T., Ramos, J.L., Timmis, K.N., de Lorenzo, V. J. Bacteriol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. A CysB-regulated and sigma54-dependent regulator, SfnR, is essential for dimethyl sulfone metabolism of Pseudomonas putida strain DS1. Endoh, T., Habe, H., Yoshida, T., Nojiri, H., Omori, T. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2003) [Pubmed]
  8. Regulation of the rpoN, ORF102 and ORF154 genes in Pseudomonas putida. Köhler, T., Alvarez, J.F., Harayama, S. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1994) [Pubmed]
  9. Regulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hoffmann, N., Rehm, B.H. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (2004) [Pubmed]
 
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