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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Gene Review

FOXG1  -  forkhead box G1

Homo sapiens

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Disease relevance of FOXG1

  • Tumor cells from over 90% of snap frozen peripheral T-cell lymphomas reacted with BF1 and BF2 [1].
  • Monoclonal antibodies (HBA4, HBE3, HBE10, HBF2, HBG9, and HBH8) from the hybridoma clones were selected for their serologic reactivity to cell surface antigens of KU-1 cells and for their unresponsiveness to 2 human lymphoma cell lines [2].
  • To elucidate the structure, new allelic beta2m and five different BF2 genes were expressed solubly and purified in a pMAL-p2X/E. coli TB1 system [3].
 

High impact information on FOXG1

  • With regard to reactivity to normal human cells and tissues, HBG9 alone was reactive to epidermis and both HBF2 and HBH8 were reactive to erythrocytes, but none of the other 3 monoclonal antibodies was reactive to any normal cells or tissues [2].
  • DNA-binding protein blotting, UV crosslinking, and electroelution experiments were used to characterize the two hMREa-binding factors, termed BF1 and BF2 [4].
  • VAC-ssBF1 and BF2 binding activity was detected in undifferentiated myoblasts, embryonic fibroblasts, and several smooth muscle tissues in the mouse and human [5].
  • 1,3-Dipyrrolyl-1,3-propanediones, synthesized from pyrroles and malonyl chloride, form BF2 complexes, which represent a new class of naked-eye sensors for halide and oxoanions [6].
  • In the case of the chloride anion complex, the formation of Cl(-)-bridged 1D networks, in which anion is associated with two BF2 complexes, is observed in the solid state [6].
 

Biological context of FOXG1

  • The HBF-2 cDNA was isolated from a human fetal brain expression library and contains a putative open reading frame of 479 amino acids [7].
  • We have isolated a second human gene (HBF-2), which is also strongly expressed in embryonic brain and has very high homology to both the rat and human brain factor-1 genes and the retroviral oncogene qin [7].
  • In tests of samples of unknown B genotype in commercial broiler-breeder flocks, we identified expected BF2 alleles as well as an allele not previously encountered in one of the lines [8].
 

Anatomical context of FOXG1

  • These antibodies were all satisfactory in the staining of normal peripheral lymphoid tissues and cortical thymic lymphocytes were reactive with BF1 and BF2 but not with WT31 [1].
  • The incorporation of the negative curvature-inducing lipid egg yolk L-alpha -phosphatidylethanolamine completely suppressed the translocation of BF2, indicating the induction of the positive curvature by BF2 on the membrane is related to the translocation process, similarly to MG2 [9].
 

Associations of FOXG1 with chemical compounds

  • A BF2 analogue with an alpha-methylproline, which fixed the peptide bond to the trans configuration, translocated similarly to the parent peptide, suggesting the cis-trans isomerization of the Pro peptide bond is not involved in the translocation process [9].
  • CH...anion interaction in BF2 complexes of C3-bridged oligopyrroles [10].
  • Synthesis and anion binding properties of BF2 complexes of beta-tetraethyl-substituted dipyrrolyldiketones, with and without electron-withdrawing ethoxycarbonyl moieties at pyrrole alpha-positions, are reported [11].
  • Structure and bonding of transition metal-boryl compounds. Theoretical study of [(PH3)2(CO)ClOs-BR2] and [(PH3)2(CO)2ClOs-BR2] (BR2 = BH2, BF2, B(OH)2, B(OCH=CHO), Bcat) [12].
  • Quantum chemical DFT calculations using the B3LYP functionals have been carried out for the electronically unsaturated 16 VE five-coordinate osmium boryl-complexes [(PH3)2(CO)ClOs-BR2] and the 18 VE six-coordinate complexes [(PH3)2(CO)2ClOs-BR2] with BR2 = BH2, BF2, B(OH)2, B(OHC=CHO), and Bcat (cat = catecholate O2C6H4) [12].
 

Physical interactions of FOXG1

  • At the genomic level the gene for HBF-1 contains an 500 bp intron situated between the DNA binding domain II and the fork head domain while that of HBF-2 is intronless [7].
 

Other interactions of FOXG1

  • The cDNA clones HFK2 and HFK3 were analyzed by restriction analysis and sequencing [13].

References

  1. T-cell receptor antibodies in the immunohistochemical studies of normal and malignant lymphoid cells. Chan, W.C., Borowitz, M.J., Hammami, A., Wu, Y.J., Ip, S.J. Cancer (1988) [Pubmed]
  2. Monoclonal antibodies against cell surface antigens present on human urinary bladder cancer cells. Masuko, T., Yagita, H., Hashimoto, Y. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1984) [Pubmed]
  3. Extensive analysis of different allelelic structures of the chicken BF2 and beta2m proteins. Li, X.S., Fang, Q.M., Yan, R.Q., Gao, F.S., Hao, H.F., Jia, Z.H., Lin, C.Y., Xia, C. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  4. Zinc rapidly induces a metal response element-binding factor. Czupryn, M., Brown, W.E., Vallee, B.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1992) [Pubmed]
  5. Plasticity of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene transcription. Characterization of multiple, single-, and double-strand specific DNA-binding proteins in myoblasts and fibroblasts. Cogan, J.G., Sun, S., Stoflet, E.S., Schmidt, L.J., Getz, M.J., Strauch, A.R. J. Biol. Chem. (1995) [Pubmed]
  6. Dipyrrolyldiketone difluoroboron complexes: novel anion sensors with C-H...X- interactions. Maeda, H., Kusunose, Y. Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2005) [Pubmed]
  7. The genes for human brain factor 1 and 2, members of the fork head gene family, are clustered on chromosome 14q. Wiese, S., Murphy, D.B., Schlung, A., Burfeind, P., Schmundt, D., Schnülle, V., Mattei, M.G., Thies, U. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1995) [Pubmed]
  8. High-resolution typing for chicken BF2 (MHC class I) alleles by automated sequencing. Livant, E.J., Ewald, S.J. Anim. Genet. (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. Membrane translocation mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide buforin 2. Kobayashi, S., Chikushi, A., Tougu, S., Imura, Y., Nishida, M., Yano, Y., Matsuzaki, K. Biochemistry (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. CH...anion interaction in BF2 complexes of C3-bridged oligopyrroles. Fujimoto, C., Kusunose, Y., Maeda, H. J. Org. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. BF(2) Complexes of beta-Tetraethyl-Substituted Dipyrrolyldiketones as Anion Receptors: Potential Building Subunits for Oligomeric Systems. Maeda, H., Kusunose, Y., Mihashi, Y., Mizoguchi, T. J. Org. Chem. (2007) [Pubmed]
  12. Structure and bonding of transition metal-boryl compounds. Theoretical study of [(PH3)2(CO)ClOs-BR2] and [(PH3)2(CO)2ClOs-BR2] (BR2 = BH2, BF2, B(OH)2, B(OCH=CHO), Bcat). Giju, K.T., Bickelhaupt, F.M., Frenking, G. Inorganic chemistry. (2000) [Pubmed]
  13. Human brain factor 1, a new member of the fork head gene family. Murphy, D.B., Wiese, S., Burfeind, P., Schmundt, D., Mattei, M.G., Schulz-Schaeffer, W., Thies, U. Genomics (1994) [Pubmed]
 
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