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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

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Gene Review: 

GPR161  -  G protein-coupled receptor 161

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: G-protein coupled receptor 161, G-protein coupled receptor RE2, RE2
 
 
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Disease relevance of GPR161

  • RE1 was found to have the promoter activity, and RE2 was found to regulate the promoter activity of RE1, but in different manners in MCF-7 cells (as an example of breast cancer cells) and in adipose stromal cells [1].
  • The RE-2 was operative within the context of the homologous gelatinase A promoter but not with a heterologous simian virus 40 promoter [2].
  • 63/65 toxigenic isolates, available for epidemiological typing, had the same phage type, 20, and the same restriction enzyme pattern, RE2 [3].
 

High impact information on GPR161

  • With the advantage of producing human B cell line transfectants with stable expression of human/mouse xeno-chimeric MHC class I genes, we found that RE2 epitope resides on the murine class I alpha2 domain [4].
  • In mouse models with T/NKT cell activation-associated fulminant hepatitis, administration of mAb RE2 almost completely inhibited the development of liver cell injuries [4].
  • We earlier found that a rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) RE2 can induce rapid death of murine activated, but not resting, lymphocytes and lymphocyte cell lines, in a complement-independent manner, a cell death differing from typical apoptosis or necrosis [4].
  • RE2 was found to function as a positive regulatory element in MCF-7 cells and as a negative regulatory element in adipose stromal cells, respectively [1].
  • RE1 resembles the canonical p53 response element (tandem repeats of RRRCWWGYYY), located between -141 and -121, while RE2 consists of a GC-rich sequence further downstream [5].
 

Biological context of GPR161

  • The gel shift study using rat CRBPII gene nuclear receptor response elements (RXRE, RE2, RE3) revealed that several forms of nuclear proteins from Caco-2 cells specifically bound to these elements [6].
 

Anatomical context of GPR161

  • The highest nuclear RE2 levels were found in proliferative-phase normal cyclic endometria [7].
  • These results indicate the possibility of a differing regulating mechanism of the RE2 in various segments or tissues of the human uterus [7].
 

Associations of GPR161 with chemical compounds

  • Lactate was significantly elevated at RE2 for each run intensity, with a mean increase of 0.61 mmol l(-1) [8].
  • After analysis of a crude toxin, a substance designated RE2 could be isolated besides OTA, which was identified as ochratoxin C (OTC) [9].

References

  1. Identification of a promoter that controls aromatase expression in human breast cancer and adipose stromal cells. Zhou, D., Clarke, P., Wang, J., Chen, S. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) [Pubmed]
  2. Transcription factor Ets-1 regulates gelatinase a gene expression in mesangial cells. Reisdorff, J., En-Nia, A., Stefanidis, I., Floege, J., Lovett, D.H., Mertens, P.R. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  3. Epidemiological typing of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated in Sweden 1984-1986. Hallander, H.O., Haeggman, S., Löfdahl, S. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. (1988) [Pubmed]
  4. A monoclonal antibody to the alpha2 domain of murine major histocompatibility complex class I that specifically kills activated lymphocytes and blocks liver damage in the concanavalin A hepatitis model. Matsuoka, S., Tsurui, H., Abe, M., Terashima, K., Nakamura, K., Hamano, Y., Ohtsuji, M., Honma, N., Serizawa, I., Ishii, Y., Takiguchi, M., Hirose, S., Shirai, T. J. Exp. Med. (2003) [Pubmed]
  5. A novel response element confers p63- and p73-specific activation of the WNT4 promoter. Osada, M., Park, H.L., Nagakawa, Y., Begum, S., Yamashita, K., Wu, G., Kim, M.S., Trink, B., Sidransky, D. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2006) [Pubmed]
  6. Regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene expression by arachidonic acid analogue and 9-cis retinoic acid in caco-2 cells. Suruga, K., Mochizuki, K., Suzuki, R., Goda, T., Takase, S. Eur. J. Biochem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  7. Distribution of total estradiol receptor levels in various segments and tissues of the normal and pathological human uterus. Gorodeski, I.G., Bahary, C.M., Lunenfeld, B., Beery, R., Geier, A. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. (1988) [Pubmed]
  8. The effects of a single bout of downhill running and ensuing delayed onset of muscle soreness on running economy performed 48 h later. Braun, W.A., Dutto, D.J. European journal of applied physiology. (2003) [Pubmed]
  9. Effects of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A and some of its metabolites on the human cell line THP-1. Müller, G., Rosner, H., Rohrmann, B., Erler, W., Geschwend, G., Gräfe, U., Burkert, B., Möller, U., Diller, R., Sachse, K., Köhler, H. Toxicology (2003) [Pubmed]
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