Disease relevance of Endometrium

• Recent and past use of conjugated estrogens in relation to adenocarcinoma of the endometrium [1].
• The chronic unopposed estrogen that characterizes this disorder causes a continuous proliferation of the endometrium; this can result in abnormal bleeding and place the patient at risk for endometrial cancer [2].
• CONCLUSIONS: Daily treatment with NA-EE2 was well tolerated and protected the endometrium from EE2-induced proliferation and hyperplasia [3].
• RESULTS: With the use of the HTCA method, 80% or more of carcinomas of the colon, endometrium, kidney, lung (non-small-cell), and ovary as well as malignant melanoma and mesothelioma were sensitive to 200 micrograms/mL of suramin by continuous exposure [4].
• Certain integrin moieties appear to be regulated within the cycling endometrium and disruption of integrin expression may be associated with decreased uterine receptivity and infertility [5].

Psychiatry related information on Endometrium

• These data demonstrate a differential threshold of the follicle and the endometrium to mifepristone [6].
• In the present essay, we propose a model according to which luteal phase progesterone induces a basic drive in endometrium toward receptivity and as a result, adequately primed endometrium differentiates through certain steps in a fixed action pattern [7].

High impact information on Endometrium

• The interaction of neurohypophysial oxytocin with oxytocin receptors in the endometrium evokes the secretion of luteolytic pulses of uterine PGF2alpha [8].
• Effects of raloxifene on bone mineral density, serum cholesterol concentrations, and uterine endometrium in postmenopausal women [9].
• Regardless of the preparation and dosage of the estrogen and progestin used, wholly or predominantly proliferative endometrium was always associated with bleeding on or before day 10 after the addition of progestin; wholly or predominantly secretory endometrium, or a lack of endometrial tissue, was associated with bleeding on day 11 or later [10].
• We conclude that many estrogen preparations subject the endometrium to a potent stimulus [11].
• In the uterus, the increase in wet weight was accompanied by proliferation of the endometrium and induction of progesterone receptor (PgR) and complement component C3 [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Endometrium

• Ultrasonography surveillance of endometrium in breast cancer patients on adjuvant tamoxifen [13].
• These observations suggest that lower expression of UGT1A1 decreases the risk of endometrial cancer by reducing the excretion of 2-hydroxyestradiol, the antiproliferative metabolite of E(2), in the endometrium [14].
• A mucin-like glycoprotein identified by MAG (mouse ascites Golgi) antibodies. Menstrual cycle-dependent localization in human endometrium [15].
• Extensive homology between the Escherichia coli K-12 SerC(PdxF) aminotransferase and a protein encoded by a progesterone-induced mRNA in rabbit and human endometria [16].
• In preparation for studies of progestin receptor dynamics in human uterine tissues, we have investigated the effect of tissue handling and the protease inhibitor leupeptin on the molecular forms of progestin receptors in human endometrium, myometrium, and leiomyoma [17].

Biological context of Endometrium

• Integrin adhesion molecules in the human endometrium. Correlation with the normal and abnormal menstrual cycle [5].
• Gatekeeper for endometrium: the PTEN tumor suppressor gene [18].
• Placenta and endometrium carry out steroidogenic biotransformation reactions such as 6-beta-hydroxylation of cortisol, a reaction characteristic of the dominant family of cytochromes P450 in human liver, CYP3A [19].
• In this study, we determined the chromosomal localization of human 17 beta-HSD type 2, the expression of this gene in human endometrium, and the tissue distribution of the mRNA [20].
• Fibronectin and cell shape in vivo: studies on the endometrium during pregnancy [21].

Anatomical context of Endometrium

• Twenty-four hours later, the concentrations of estradiol receptor in nuclear and cytosol fractions prepared from the endometrium surrounding the blastocyst and the inter-implantation areas remained very low [22].
• In stromal cells of endometrium prostaglandin formation was linear with time of incubation for 2.5 min and with [14C]arachidonic acid concentrations up to 8 microM [23].
• These findings are consistent with the view that the progestin-regulated 17 beta-HSD of the glandular epithelium of the human endometrium is primarily, if not exclusively, the product of the 17 beta-HSD type 2 gene [20].
• RNA extraction and Northern blot analysis consistently demonstrated renin mRNA expression in uterine lining both in the pregnant (decidua) and nonpregnant states (endometrium) and in fetal chorion laeve, which is inseparable from the decidua [24].
• VEGF immunoreactivity was found in tissue macrophages present in ectopic endometrium and in activated peritoneal fluid macrophages [25].

Associations of Endometrium with chemical compounds

• We conclude that the bleeding pattern reflected the histologic condition of the endometrium and that adjustment of the dosage of progestin so that regular bleeding is induced on or after day 11 may obviate the need for endometrial biopsy [10].
• Nuclear receptors for both estradiol and progesterone were present in twofold higher concentrations in implantation sites than in nonimplantation regions of the endometrium of 6-day pregnant rats [26].
• These data indicate that matrix metalloproteinases are expressed in cell-type, tissue, and reproductive cycle-specific patterns, consistent with regulation by steroid hormones, and with specific roles in the complex tissue growth and remodeling processes occurring in the endometrium during the reproductive cycle [27].
• CONCLUSION: The endometrium and gastrointestinal organs may be target sites for tamoxifen-induced carcinogenesis in humans [28].
• Mesenchyme-epithelial interactions in human endometrium. Prostaglandin synthesis in separated cell types [23].

Gene context of Endometrium

• HOXA10 is expressed in response to sex steroids at the time of implantation in the human endometrium [29].
• We conclude that placenta and endometrium express the same P450 as is found in fetal liver [19].
• Identification of the fetal liver cytochrome CYP3A7 in human endometrium and placenta [19].
• Our results show that LIF is the only one of these factors expressed at detectable levels in the endometrium of women of proven fertility [30].
• LEFTY A is identical to ebaf, a cDNA previously identified in a search for genes expressed in human endometrium [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Endometrium

• Endometria altered by high estrogen levels that are unopposed by progestins-conditions known to increase cancer risk-were also studied by immunohistochemistry [32].
• Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from placenta or from endometrium demonstrated a single band that cross-hybridized with a CYP3A7 cDNA [19].
• The prostaglandin (P.G.) content of endometrium from fourteen women was examined before and 1-5 months after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device [33].
• In situ hybridization experiments revealed that the increased expression of the mdr mRNA is specifically localized to the secretory epithelial cells of the endometrium [34].
• Additionally, we find that an antibody directed against the mammalian isoforms of TGF-beta abolishes progesterone suppression of matrilysin in stromal-epithelial cocultures, implicating TGF-beta as the principal mediator of matrilysin suppression in the human endometrium [35].

References