Disease relevance of ELF1

• Prior genetic analysis suggests that there may exist an interaction between the products of the vaccinia virus genes A18R, a putative negative transcription elongation factor, and G2R, a putative positive transcription elongation factor [1].

High impact information on ELF1

• The chromatin-specific transcription elongation factor FACT comprises human SPT16 and SSRP1 proteins [2].
• These results, taken together with the biochemical identification of a human Spt4-Spt5 complex as a transcription elongation factor (Wada et al. 1998), provide strong evidence that these factors are important for transcription elongation in vivo [3].
• We report the identification of a transcription elongation factor from HeLa cell nuclear extracts that causes pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) in conjunction with the transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) [4].
• Members of the SAGA and Mediator complexes are partners of the transcription elongation factor TFIIS [5].
• Naf1p and Cbf5p cross-link predominantly with the 3' end of these genes, in a pattern similar to that observed for transcription elongation factor Spt16p [6].

Biological context of ELF1

• Both single-copy (heterozygote) and double-disrupted strains in ELF1 were isolated [7].
• The nine other ORFs were represented by four ABCHs (energy-generating subunits), four SMCs (structural maintenance of chromosomes) and one member of unclear origin, whose closest homologue was the yeast Elf1 protein (mRNA export factor) [8].
• Elongin is a transcription elongation factor that was first identified in mammalian systems and is composed of the three subunits, elongin A, B, and C. Sequence homologues of elongin A and elongin C, but not elongin B, were identified in the yeast genome [9].
• RNA polymerase II lacking the Rpb9 subunit uses alternate transcription initiation sites in vitro and in vivo and is unable to respond to the transcription elongation factor TFIIS in vitro [10].
• Yeast cells lacking transcription elongation factor genes such as PPR2 (TFIIS) and ELP (Elongator) are viable and show deleterious phenotypes only when transcription is rendered less effective by RNA polymerase mutations or by decreasing nucleotide pools [11].

Regulatory relationships of ELF1

• The RPB9 subunit of RNA polymerase II regulates transcription elongation activity and is required for the action of the transcription elongation factor, TFIIS [12].
• These mutations also resulted in a decreased, methylation-independent interaction of Npl3 with transcription elongation factor Tho2 and inhibited Npl3 self-association [13].

Other interactions of ELF1

• ELF1 (Elongation Like Factor) showed greatest homology with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORF (YPL226W), whose function is unknown, and lower homology with fungal elongation factor 3 (EF-3) genes [7].
• Collectively, our results suggest that Rtf1 may function as a novel transcription elongation factor in yeast [14].
• GAL1 promoter, transcription elongation factor 1 (TEF1) promoter from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and LIP3 promoter from C. rugosa were then used to drive zeo-n and to examine the function of promoter in C. rugosa [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ELF1

• Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that Elf1 is cotranscriptionally recruited over actively transcribed regions and that this association is partially dependent on Spt4 and Spt6 [16].

References