High impact information on TAAR5

• Effects on Lp(a) of other intragenic polymorphisms including a pentanucleotide repeat (PNRP) in the promoter likely reflect allelic associations with as yet unidentified sequence variation in the apo(a) gene [1].
• All samples were also analyzed for the K-IV VNTR and the PNRP to stratify for their effects and to consider allelic associations [1].
• The two SHBG gene alleles for D327N substitution, wild-type (W) and variant (v), were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism in the whole population, and the GeneScan method was used to identify PNRP alleles in 245 subjects [2].
• The single novelty is the presence in the A. mellifera genome of a third insect gene similar to vertebrate photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) [3].
• A chromosome mapping study located the PNR gene with human chromosome band of 6q23 [4].

Biological context of TAAR5

• The amino acid sequence of PNR exhibits considerable homology to the rat 5-HR1D receptor with 35% amino acid identity and 56% amino acid similarity [4].
• From human Lambda DASH II genomic library, a 1.6 Kb clone encoded a full length gene was isolated and named putative neurotransmitter receptor (PNR) [4].
• PNR has a single open reading frame which predicts a 38.3 KD protein of 338 amino acids with seven transmembrane domain topography [4].
• PNR also shows significant sequence homology to the 5-HT1D receptor from Japanese puffer fish fugu, to the 5-HT4L receptor from mouse, to the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor and to the D2 dopamine receptor [4].
• There was a strong linkage disequilibrium between 9 haplotypes of PNRP and the T haplotype of C/T(+93) [5].

Anatomical context of TAAR5

• Northern blot analysis indicates that PNR is expressed in skeletal muscle and selected areas of the brain [4].
• PNR expression was also significantly stimulated within 3 h by addition of FGF-2 to either Nb2-11C or Nb2-Sp cells, although alone FGF-2 was not mitogenic for either cell line [6].
• The PNR was shown to bind to transcription factors in a tissue-specific manner, whereas the ubiquitous transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factor 3alpha and GATA binding protein 4 bound to NREbeta to repress gene transcription [7].
• PNR and GPR58 were expressed in COS cells, however no specific binding was observed for various serotonin receptor-specific ligands [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TAAR5

• EEG activity at the midfrontal (Fz) region was recorded during pre- and postbaselines, live hypnotic induction, arm levitation and progressive relaxation (PNR) deepening, and therapeutic ego-enhancing suggestions among 60 college student volunteers, previously screened with the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C [9].

References