Disease relevance of Tetraodontiformes

• The toxic syndromes are uncommon and fall into two categories: the histaminelike syndrome of scombroid poisoning and the neurotoxic syndromes, including ciguatera, paralytic shellfish poisoning, and puffer fish poisoning [1].
• Apart from ciguatera, acute gastroenteritis followed by neurological symptoms may be due to paralytic or neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, scombroid and pufferfish toxicity, botulism, enterovirus 71, toxidromes and bacteraemia [2].
• A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus had a protracted skin infection with Mycobacterium marinum after a puffer fish sting [3].

High impact information on Tetraodontiformes

• Furthermore, these regions are functionally conserved in both chicken and pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) Hoxb-1 genes [4].
• Evolution of cis elements in the differential expression of two Hoxa2 coparalogous genes in pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) [5].
• In fugu (puffer fish), expression of SCPP genes is also detected in an unusual beak-like structure that shelters numerous teeth [6].
• Consistent with this hypothesis, the entire 33-kb pufferfish SCL locus directed appropriate expression to hemopoietic and neural tissue in transgenic zebrafish embryos, as did a 10.4-kb fragment containing the SCL gene and extending to the 5' and 3' flanking genes [7].
• To further our understanding of the regulation of vertebrate globin loci, we have isolated cosmids containing alpha- and beta-globin genes from the pufferfish Fugu rubripes [8].

Biological context of Tetraodontiformes

• The puffer fish ( Fugu rubripes ) has a compact genome of 400 Mbp which is approximately 7.5-fold smaller than the human genome [9].
• The comparative genomic structure and sequence of the surfeit gene homologs in the puffer fish Fugu rubripes and their association with CpG-rich islands [10].
• The identified Pax6/cis-essential elements are highly conserved in pufferfish, mouse, and human DNA and contain binding sites for several transcription factors indicative of the cascade of control events [11].
• By comparing human and pufferfish genomic sequences, we previously identified eight highly conserved sequence elements between 290 kb 5' and 450 kb 3' to human SOX9 [12].
• Comparison of the Hlx gene orthologues of human, chimpanzee, mouse, rat, pufferfish (Fugu) and zebrafish demonstrates that these six genes share an identical organization with four exons and three introns [13].

Anatomical context of Tetraodontiformes

• In the present study, cDNAs of all the components of NADPH oxidase were cloned from peripheral white blood cells of the Japanese pufferfish utilizing the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [14].
• Furthermore, in situ hybridization revealed the expression of pufferfish PRLR in branchial chloride cells, kidney tubule cells, and intestinal epithelia [15].
• In this manner the minimum detectable amount of TTX in body fluids was found to be about 0.01 microgram/g. When this method was applied to sera, urine, and the stomach contents of 2 decedents suspected of puffer fish poisoning, 0.053 microgram/g of TTX was detected in stomach contents of one victim [16].

Associations of Tetraodontiformes with chemical compounds

• This study confirms that the neurotoxic effects of puffer-fish poisoning can be explained by tetrodotoxin blockade of Na(+) channels [17].
• We have characterized pufflectin, a novel mannose-specific lectin, from the skin mucus of the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes [18].
• Novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes, which initially were identified in the Southern pufferfish (Spheroides nephelus), encode products which consist of an extracellular variable (V) and V-like C2 (V/C2) domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail, which typically possesses an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) [19].
• Identification of cDNAs from Japanese pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) coding for homologues to tetrapod prion proteins [20].
• Serine/threonine phosphatases of the pufferfish, Fugu rubripes [21].

Gene context of Tetraodontiformes

• Comparative analysis and genomic structure of the tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) gene in human and pufferfish [22].
• Characterization of the pufferfish Otx2 cis-regulators reveals evolutionarily conserved genetic mechanisms for vertebrate head specification [23].
• Phylogenetic analysis showed that PTHs from zebrafish and pufferfish are more closely related to each other than to known mammalian PTH homologs or to PTHrP and tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues [24].
• Identification and characterization of evolutionarily conserved pufferfish, zebrafish, and frog orthologs of GASZ [25].
• Functional characterisation and genomic analysis of an epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) from pufferfish, Fugu rubripes [26].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tetraodontiformes

• Molecular cloning and sequencing of Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) NADPH oxidase cDNAs [14].
• The toxins in the muscle, skin and liver of the puffer fish Lagocephalus lunaris lunaris and those in the skin and liver of another puffer fish Fugu niphobles were purified by successive column chromatography on activated charcoal, Bio-Gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70 and analyzed by electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography [27].
• RT-PCR studies in pufferfish show that all five are expressed in the brain and may mediate NPY effects on feeding [28].
• Phylogenetic relationships among puffer fish were investigated by comparing cytochrome b gene sequences and restriction endonuclease assays of 16 species from Taiwan. DNA was prepared for sequencing by PCR [29].
• Forming teeth of parrotfish and pufferfish were viewed by transmission electron microscopy to correlate cytological features of the enameloid organ with the species' fluoride (F) content in mature enameloid [30].

References