Disease relevance of Kazakhstan

• Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9q22.3 in microdissected basal cell carcinomas around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Testing Site, Kazakhstan [1].
• Rifampicin and isoniazid resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients in Kazakhstan [2].

High impact information on Kazakhstan

• We apply this technique to analysis of the fine structure of organic-walled Precambrian fossils, microscopic sphaeromorph acritarchs (cysts of planktonic unicellular protists) permineralized in approximately 650-million-year-old cherts of the Chichkan Formation of southern Kazakhstan [3].
• High levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD; up to 208 pg/g fat) were measured in samples of breast milk collected in 1997 from 64 donors [41 first-time mothers (primiparae)] living on state farms in southern Kazakhstan [4].
• Analysis of breast milk to assess exposure to chlorinated contaminants in Kazakhstan: sources of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposures in an agricultural region of southern Kazakhstan [4].
• The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (STS) is located in the Republic of Kazakhstan [5].
• The 179-day flight of ESA Astronaut Thomas Reiter onboard the Russian Space Station Mir drew to a successful conclusion on 29 February 1996 with the safe landing of the Soyuz TM-22 capsule near Arkalyk in Kazakhstan [6].

Anatomical context of Kazakhstan

• In this study, 28 male Turkish-Mongolian subjects native of Kazakhstan (Central Asia) underwent total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) assessment by deuterium oxide (D2O) and sodium bromide (NaBr) dilution respectively [7].

Associations of Kazakhstan with chemical compounds

• A unique and serious case of mercury pollution has occurred in the River Nura and its floodplain in Central Kazakhstan, where mercury-rich wastewater from an acetaldehyde plant was discharged largely without treatment for several decades [8].
• Concentrations of cadmium, lead and zinc in livestock feed and organs around a metal production centre in eastern Kazakhstan [9].
• To assist the Ministry of Health of Kazakhstan in making infant feeding recommendations, breast milk samples were analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, toxic metals, and cesium-137 [10].
• Between 1949 and 1989 the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS), an area of 19,000 square km in northeastern Kazakhstan, was the location of over 400 nuclear test explosions with a total explosive energy of 6.6 Mt TNT (trinitrotoluene or trotyl) equivalent [11].
• Implementing the ICPD Plan of Action in Central Asian Republics and Kazakhstan (CARAK). Kazakhstan. Looming [12].

Gene context of Kazakhstan

• By summing concentration levels of 80 PCB congeners in the Kazakhstan samples, a mean total PCB concentration of 368 ng/g fat was obtained [13].
• An overview on GSF activities at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan [14].
• Cytochrome P4501A expression, chemical contaminants and histopathology in roach, goby and sturgeon and chemical contaminants in sediments from the Caspian Sea, Lake Balkhash and the Ily River Delta, Kazakhstan [15].
• A mission to Mars including two Small Stations, two Penetrators and an Orbiter was launched at Baikonur, Kazakhstan, on 16 November 1996 [16].
• Source-term characterisation and solid speciation of plutonium at the Semipalatinsk NTS, Kazakhstan [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Kazakhstan

• Implementing the ICPD Plan of Action in Central Asian Republics and Kazakhstan (CARAK). Turkmenistan. Abortion rate declines [18].

References