High impact information on Photoreceptors, Invertebrate

• But thermal generation of dark events in both vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors requires activation energies in the range of 23 to 27 kcal mol-1, which are significantly less than the energy barrier of 45 kcal mol-1, for photoisomerization of the chromophore of native rhodopsin [1].
• Cyclic GMP is involved in the excitation of invertebrate photoreceptors [2].
• It is proposed that CNG channels are involved in transduction cascades of both invertebrate photoreceptors and olfactory sensillae [3].
• In contrast, activation of invertebrate photoreceptors, like Drosophila, leads to stimulation of phospholipase C and the generation of a depolarizing receptor potential [4].
• The interaction of photoexcited rhodopsin with a G protein is thus similar in both vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors [5].

Biological context of Photoreceptors, Invertebrate

• Phototransduction in invertebrate photoreceptors uses rhodopsin to activate a cascade that uses phosphoinositides and calcium ion to regulate membrane polarization [6].
• These results suggest that a G protein, which incorporates both GTP binding and hydrolysis functions, is intimately involved in the visual process of invertebrate photoreceptors [7].

Anatomical context of Photoreceptors, Invertebrate

• The role of TRP channels in other invertebrate photoreceptors is unknown, particularly those, exemplified by Limulus ventral eye photoreceptors, in which calcium release from intracellular stores is prominent [8].
• Light-regulated biochemical events in invertebrate photoreceptors. 1. Light-activated guanosinetriphosphatase, guanine nucleotide binding, and cholera toxin catalyzed labeling of squid photoreceptor membranes [7].

Associations of Photoreceptors, Invertebrate with chemical compounds

• To test the hypothesis that inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) mediates adaptation and excitation in invertebrate photoreceptors, we measured its formation on a rapid time scale in squid retinas [9].
• Recent experimental evidence suggests that histamine might be the synaptic transmitter used by invertebrate photoreceptors [10].
• These findings support the hypothesis that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate participates as either a messenger or a modulator in transduction in invertebrate photoreceptors [11].
• The light-induced release of retinaldehyde from rhodopsin, which occurs only in vertebrate but not invertebrate photoreceptors, may have accelerated the rapid evolution of retinoic acid-mediated transcriptional regulation at the transition from invertebrates to vertebrates, and it may explain the prominent role of retinoic acid in the eye [12].
• G-protein mediated responses to localized serotonin application in an invertebrate photoreceptor [13].

Gene context of Photoreceptors, Invertebrate

• Light induces the migration of arrestin to the photosensitive membrane in both vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors [14].
• Previous biochemical and electrophysiological evidence suggests that in invertebrate photoreceptors, a GTP-binding protein (G-protein) mediates the actions of photoactivated rhodopsin in the initial stages of transduction [15].
• Retinal S-antigen epitopes in vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors [16].
• Channels activated directly by cGMP are present in vertebrate and invertebrate photoreceptors [17].
• This result provides direct evidence for the hypothesis that SMC may play a particularly important role in the regulation of intracellular ionized calcium in invertebrate photoreceptor cells [18].

References