Disease relevance of cyclic gmp

• In addition, heat-stable enterotoxin from E. coli, but not natriuretic peptides, causes marked elevations of cyclic GMP and is specifically bound by cells transfected with GC-C [1].
• Antipsychotics block muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated cyclic GMP formation in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells [2].
• Morphine elevates levels of cyclic GMP in a neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell line [3].
• Involvement of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activator in an hereditary retinal degeneration [4].
• Chronic inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase 5A prevents and reverses cardiac hypertrophy [5].

Psychiatry related information on cyclic gmp

• Erectile dysfunction in cyclic GMP-dependent kinase I-deficient mice [6].
• Both EGTA and saturating doses of cyclic GMP block the light response, but only cyclic GMP increases response latency, which suggests that if calcium is involved in transduction, it is controlled by the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP [7].
• The number of gene pairs which regulate the effect of morphine on motor activity was assumed to be more than one; however, the contribution of more than one segregating unit in the effect of morphine on plasma cyclic GMP was not demonstrated [8].
• In this study, we investigated the involvement of the interaction between sigma receptors and the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in short term memory in mice, assessed through spontaneous alternation behavior in a Y-maze [9].
• Here we report on the effect of post-training intrahippocampal infusion of membrane-permeable analogues of these cyclic nucleotides on the consolidation of inhibitory avoidance learning in rats and on the effect of this task on hippocampal cGMP and cAMP levels [10].

High impact information on cyclic gmp

• The renin angiotensin aldosterone system has an important role antagonizing the vasodilatory cyclic GMP system [11].
• BACKGROUND: Sildenafil is a potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate hydrolysis [corrected] in the corpus cavernosum and therefore increases the penile response to sexual stimulation [12].
• Cyclic GMP and calcium mediate phytochrome phototransduction [13].
• Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) binds directly to a plasma membrane form of guanylate cyclase (GC-A), stimulating the production of the second messenger cyclic GMP [14].
• No protein phosphorylation occurs in the presence of calcium or magnesium ion alone, or when magnesium ion is combined with 10 microM cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of cyclic gmp

• Based on the following genetical experiments, the cya gene in E. coli was shown to be involved in the synthesis of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP [16].
• Conversely, acetylcholine increases cyclic GMP but not cycle AMP in the ganglion; this increase also occurs within postganglionic neurons [17].
• Thrombin, the central regulatory enzyme in coagulation, when incubated in nanomolar concentrations with murine neuroblastoma cells produced a rapid and marked increase in tritiated guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) formation that was blocked by hirudin and competitively antagonized by dansylarginine N-(3-ethyl-1,5-pentanediyl)amide [18].
• BACKGROUND/AIMS: Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins (ST) are small peptides of 18 or 19 amino acids that bind to specific cell surface receptors located on the intestinal brush border and activate guanylate cyclase, resulting in an increase in the intracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate content of the cell [19].
• The enhanced recovery of the glucagon-perfused hearts was associated with decreases in myocardial levels of guanosine, 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) both during the periods of hypoxia and reoxygenation [20].

Biological context of cyclic gmp

• Cyclic GMP has been proposed as the transmitter because a light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been found in rod disk membranes and because intracellularly injected cyclic GMP reduces rod membrane potentials [21].
• Prevention of natural motoneurone cell death by dibutyryl cyclic GMP [22].
• The relationship between cyclic-3',5'-GMP (cyclic GMP) and other second messengers in platelet activation has not been defined [23].
• The complete amino-acid sequence of the cyclic GMP-gated channel from bovine retinal rod photoreceptors, deduced by cloning and sequencing its complementary DNA, shows that the protein contains several putative transmembrane segments, followed by a region that is similar to the cyclic GMP-binding domains of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase [24].
• Several lines of evidence suggest that cyclic GMP might be involved in long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus [25].

Anatomical context of cyclic gmp

• The NO-induced smooth muscle relaxation is proposed to occur through activation of guanylate cyclase and the formation of cyclic GMP [26].
• The nitrovasodilators are another class of relaxants which exert their effects through the formation of cyclic GMP, although their relaxation is independent of the presence of the endothelium [26].
• Cyclic GMP-activated conductance of retinal photoreceptor cells [27].
• Cyclic GMP can increase rod outer-segment light-sensitive current 10-fold without delay of excitation [28].
• ATP mediates rapid reversal of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activation in visual receptor membranes [29].

Associations of cyclic gmp with other chemical compounds

• Sodium nitroprusside and other smooth muscle-relaxants increase cyclic GMP levels in rat ductus deferens [30].
• Nitric oxide (NO), apparently identical to endothelium-derived relaxing factor in blood vessels, is also formed by cytotoxic macrophages, in adrenal gland and in brain tissue, where it mediates the stimulation by glutamate of cyclic GMP formation in the cerebellum [31].
• Although Glu has been shown to stimulate cyclic GMP formation in brain slices, direct regulation of second messenger systems (cyclic AMP, Ca2+ or inositol phosphates) subsequent to activation of excitatory amino-acid receptors, has not been extensively studied [32].
• Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) and cholinergic agents stimulate incorporation of phosphate into specific nuclear acidic proteins of horse peripheral blood lymphocytes [33].
• Electrophysiologically identified pyramidal tract neurons in the rat cerebral cortex were tested with norepinephrine, acetylcholine, adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) applied by microiontophoresis [34].
• An alanine mutation of Asp-196 disrupts cGMP binding and increases cAMP affinity in constructs containing only GAF A causing an altered cAMP-bound structural conformation [35].

Gene context of cyclic gmp

• NPR-1 activity in AQR, PQR and URX neurons seems to suppress social feeding by antagonizing signalling through a cyclic GMP-gated ion channel encoded by tax-2 and tax-4 [36].
• The effect of IL-1 on cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) was delayed, occurring after 6 h of exposure, and was maximal after 10 h [37].
• Endothelin (ET)-3 stimulates cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate production via ETB receptor by producing nitric oxide in isolated rat glomerulus, and in cultured rat mesangial cells [38].
• The retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator, RPGR, interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase [39].
• The NO release from iNOS-transfected cells, as measured by nitrite and nitrate accumulation and by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) increases in rat reporter cells, was inhibitable (P < .01 for both) with N(omega)-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), a NOS inhibitor [40].
• These findings reveal that interaction between IRAG and InsP3RI has a central role in NO/cGMP-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation and in vivo thrombosis [41].
• We have demonstrated similar findings in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, where ANP substantially enhances intracellular cGMP content, phosphorylation of VASP at Ser-239, and endothelial tube formation [42].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cyclic gmp

• Levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) in these tumors were measured by radioimmunoassay [43].
• SIN-1 increased cyclic GMP, and with greater effect on LVH; however, this resulted in a decrement in function only in the control group [44].
• After an initial peak at 1 h after hypophysectomy, adrenal cyclic GMP declined to baseline at 4-12 h but thereafter progressively rose with time, eventually reaching levels over 1 pmol per mg tissue [45].
• Rat ANP(5-25) was weaker than human ANP(1-28) at inhibiting ir-endothelin-1 secretion and increasing cyclic GMP in the cells. ir-Endothelin-1 in the medium consisted of two components separated by high pressure liquid chromatography; the major one corresponded to endothelin-1(1-21) and the minor one corresponded to big endothelin-1(1-38) [46].
• Here, we use "patch-cramming," in which an excised, inside-out membrane patch containing cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels is used as a biosensor, to obtain the first real-time measurements of cGMP in intact cells [47].

References