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MeSH Review:

Wolves

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Disease relevance of Wolves

Captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) were immobilized (loss of consciousness) with 2.0 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride (XYL) and 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol tartrate (BUT) administered intramuscularly [1].

High impact information on Wolves

Here, we analyse populations of moose, their predators (wolves, Canis lupus), their primary winter forage (balsam fir, Abies balsamea) and several climatic variables that were monitored for 40 consecutive years in Isle Royale National Park (544 km2), Lake Superior, USA [2].
Catecholaminergic (presumed dopaminergic) amacrine cells in the retinae of Beagle dogs (canis lupus f. familiaris) and wolves (canis lupus) were visualized with an antiserum against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) [3].
Two-dimensional real-time, M-mode and Doppler echocardiographic measurements were made in 11 adult wolves (Canis lupus) anaesthetised with an intramuscular combination of medetomidine, ketamine, butorphanol and acepromazine followed by isoflurane in oxygen [4].
Wild canine sera were collected from jackals (Canis aureus, n=10), foxes (Vulpes vulpes, n=10) and wolves (Canis lupus, n=10) [5].
Tests for parallelism and extraction efficiency were used to compare the cortisol EIA and corticosterone RIA across eight species of carnivores (Himalayan black bear, sloth bear, domestic cat, cheetah, clouded leopard, black-footed ferret, slender-tailed meerkat, and red wolf) [6].

Biological context of Wolves

Inbreeding depression has been documented in the brown bear (Ursus arctos), wolf (Canis lupus), and lynx (Lynx lynx) populations held in Nordic zoos [7].

Associations of Wolves with chemical compounds

Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl and heavy metal concentrations in wolves (Canis lupus L. 1758) from north-west Russia [8].
Diazepam-induced feeding in captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) [9].
Captive gray wolves (Canis lupus) were given 2.2 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride intramuscularly resulting in profound sedation in 9.1 +/- 0.6 min (mean +/- SE) [10].
Fourteen wolves (Canis lupus L.) were singularly or repeatedly immobilized with 30 mg xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) and 400 mg ketamine HCl [11].
Use of tiletamine and zolazepam to immobilize captive Iberian wolves (Canis lupus) [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Wolves

Physiological and behavioral responses of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to immobilization with tiletamine and zolazepam [13].

References

Physiological response of gray wolves to butorphanol-xylazine immobilization and antagonism by naloxone and yohimbine. Kreeger, T.J., Mandsager, R.E., Seal, U.S., Callahan, M., Beckel, M. J. Wildl. Dis. (1989) [Pubmed]
The influence of top-down, bottom-up and abiotic factors on the moose (Alces alces) population of Isle Royale. Vucetich, J.A., Peterson, R.O. Proc. Biol. Sci. (2004) [Pubmed]
Catecholaminergic amacrine cells in the dog and wolf retina. Peichl, L. Vis. Neurosci. (1991) [Pubmed]
Echocardiographic and Doppler echocardiographic findings in 11 wolves (Canis lupus). Guglielmini, C., Rocconi, F., Brugnola, L., Valerio, F., Mattei, L., Boari, A. Vet. Rec. (2006) [Pubmed]
Epidemiological aspects of canine visceral leishmaniosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mohebali, M., Hajjaran, H., Hamzavi, Y., Mobedi, I., Arshi, S., Zarei, Z., Akhoundi, B., Naeini, K.M., Avizeh, R., Fakhar, M. Vet. Parasitol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Noninvasive monitoring of adrenocortical activity in carnivores by fecal glucocorticoid analyses. Young, K.M., Walker, S.L., Lanthier, C., Waddell, W.T., Monfort, S.L., Brown, J.L. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. (2004) [Pubmed]
Conservation genetics of Nordic carnivores: lessons from zoos. Laikre, L. Hereditas (1999) [Pubmed]
Organochlorine pesticide, polychlorinated biphenyl and heavy metal concentrations in wolves (Canis lupus L. 1758) from north-west Russia. Shore, R.F., Casulli, A., Bologov, V., Wienburg, C.L., Afsar, A., Toyne, P., Dell'Omo, G. Sci. Total Environ. (2001) [Pubmed]
Diazepam-induced feeding in captive gray wolves (Canis lupus). Kreeger, T.J., Levine, A.S., Seal, U.S., Callahan, M., Beckel, M. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (1991) [Pubmed]
Use of xylazine sedation with yohimbine antagonism in captive gray wolves. Kreeger, T.J., Seal, U.S., Callahan, M., Beckel, M. J. Wildl. Dis. (1988) [Pubmed]
Xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilization of wolves and its antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride. Kreeger, T.J., Seal, U.S., Faggella, A.M. J. Wildl. Dis. (1986) [Pubmed]
Use of tiletamine and zolazepam to immobilize captive Iberian wolves (Canis lupus). Vilà, C., Castroviejo, J. J. Wildl. Dis. (1994) [Pubmed]
Physiological and behavioral responses of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to immobilization with tiletamine and zolazepam. Kreeger, T.J., Seal, U.S., Callahan, M., Beckel, M. J. Wildl. Dis. (1990) [Pubmed]

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