Disease relevance of Acetopromazine

• Consequently, since phenothiazines generally possess high bioavailability and low toxicity, we used several NMR techniques to explore the binding characteristics of acetopromazine with a total of five different RNA constructs: four as potential drug targets plus one control RNA construct [1].
• Piglets (1-3 d old) anesthetized with ketamine and acepromazine received either 3 mL of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control) or autologous nonheparinized blood (hematoma) injected onto the cortical surface [2].
• PROCEDURE: SAECG were recorded from each dog twice: prior to sedation and immediately after sedation with acepromazine (0.01 mg/kg of body weight, IV) and buprenorphine (0.007 mg/kg, IV) [3].
• Recovery to an ambulatory state was seen in less than or equal to 30 minutes, except in 1 dog, in which prolonged recovery was attributed to acetylpromazine-induced hypotension [4].
• Synergistic induction of severe hypothermia (poikilothermia) by limbic seizures, acepromazine and physical restraint: role of noradrenergic alpha-1 receptors [5].

Psychiatry related information on Acetopromazine

• Tranquilizing action of acepromazine was potentiated but there was decrease in amphetamine influenced locomotor activity at both the dose levels [6].
• These findings suggest that the multifocal neuronal necrosis subsequent to single peripheral injections of lithium and pilocarpine, followed by the neuroleptic, acepromazine, may significantly augment pain thresholds in certain rats within experimentally epileptic populations [7].

High impact information on Acetopromazine

• We investigated the hemodynamic responses to three doses of atrial natriuretic factor [human atrial natriuretic factor-(99-126)] (ANF) in nephrectomized rabbits anesthetized with ketamine and acepromazine [8].
• Analysis of differential saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR effects of acetopromazine suggests that the phenothiazine moiety has the closest contact to the binding sites of TAR and A-site RNA while the flexible N,N-dimethylpropylamino side chain contributes less to binding [1].
• NMR data unambiguously show that acetylpromazine binds only to the unique 5' bulge site to which the Tat protein binds [9].
• OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of cat washing, Allerpet-C spray, and acepromazine with that of no treatment on the shedding of the primary cat allergen, Felis domesticus I by cats [10].
• In anesthetized mice, mean IOP +/- SD as determined by rebound tonometry was 9.8 +/- 3.9 mm Hg when the animals were anesthetized with ketamine alone and 7.6 +/- 1.9 mm Hg when a mixture of ketamine, acepromazine, and xylazine was used [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Acetopromazine

• Persistent penile prolapse associated with acute blood loss and acepromazine maleate administration in a horse [12].
• Platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release were measured by use of the impedance method in blood samples obtained from 25 adult female Beagles before and after sedation with acepromazine (0.13 mg/kg of body weight) and atropine (0.05 mg/kg), and during general anesthesia [13].
• Groups of atropinized cats (6/group) were given IM meperidine (5.5 mg/kg of body weight) plus acepromazine (0.25 mg/kg) [14].
• The median effective dosage (ED50) of propofol for induction of anesthesia was determined in 25 dogs premedicated with acepromazine, 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, and in 35 unpremedicated dogs [15].
• Four preanesthetic regimens were used: anesthesia without preanesthetic drugs; or with preanesthetic administration of acepromazine (0.1 mg/kg of body weight, IM), diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, IV), or acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) IM [16].

Biological context of Acetopromazine

• Method responsiveness was compared to AUC measurements using the vasodilator acepromazine [17].
• Acepromazine. Effects on intraocular pressure [18].
• Tetrodotoxin, but neither acepromazine nor magnesium sulphate given intracerebroventricularly, induced a decrease in the heart rate before ouabain infusion [19].
• After administration of acepromazine, mean +/- SD arterial blood pressure was 66 +/- 8 mm Hg during anesthesia; this value was below the threshold (80 mm Hg) for renal autoregulation of GFR [20].
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of acepromazine in horses [21].

Anatomical context of Acetopromazine

• Immunocytochemical technique was used to study the distribution of c-FOS protein immunoreactive cells in the spinal cord and gracile nuclei 2 h after electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine-anesthetized adult rats [22].
• Cats were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone 33 mg kg-1 i.p. and acepromazine 0.6 mg kg-1 i.p., the trachea was intubated, and the lungs ventilated with nitrous oxide in oxygen [23].
• It was found that acepromazine can undergo in vitro conversion by human red blood cells to 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)promazine, a product that has been reported as a minor urinary metabolite in horse urine but not previously identified in humans [24].
• Effects of acepromazine and butorphanol on positive-contrast upper gastrointestinal tract examination in dogs [25].
• Acepromazine did not inhibit 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding to nicotinic receptors in murine skeletal muscle [26].

Associations of Acetopromazine with other chemical compounds

• 1 Acetylpromazine (Acp, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) and azaperone (Azp, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 mg/kg) were given by intramuscular injection to separate groups of seven familiar Romney ewes [27].
• We investigated the effects of the topical application of acepromazine maleate on the intraocular pressure (IOP) in 27 adult rhesus monkeys [18].
• In the presence of acepromazine, xylazine, or a combination of the two drugs, two of the four experimental rats had prolonged ictal activity on EEG [28].
• CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Measurements of renal function and blood flow in dogs during anesthesia with thiopentone and isoflurane did not differ significantly between treatments, which suggested that acepromazine protects renal function despite inducing reduction in blood pressure, compared with effects of administration of saline [20].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used 14 New Zealand White rabbits, anesthetized with a combination of 80 mg/kg (i.m.) Ketamine hydrochloride and 10 mg/kg Acepromazine (i.m.). The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was explored, and O2 saturation was measured by pulse oximetry 5 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve at the 0th hour [29].

Gene context of Acetopromazine

• Acepromazine has no effect on striated muscle [26].
• Similarly, acepromazine was effective in eliminating some of the Fos-labeled nuclei [30].
• After a single-step liquid alkaline extraction, acepromazine was identified in a chest-cavity blood sample using gas chromatography (GC) with nitrogen-phosphorus (NPD) and mass selective detectors [31].
• PROCEDURE: Concentration of AVP, indirect MAP, Osm, PCV, and concentration of TS were measured at 5 time points (before administration of acetylpromazine or morphine, after administration of those drugs, after induction of anesthesia, 1 hour after the start of surgery, and 2 hours after the start of surgery) [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Acetopromazine

• Premedication with acepromazine did not produce statistically significant increases in these recovery times [33].
• Development and use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to monitor serum and urine acepromazine concentrations in thoroghbreds, and possible changes associated with exercise [34].
• Analgesia could not be demonstrated after anesthesia for acepromazine, MOF, or HAL [35].
• Evaluation of the perioperative stress response in dogs administered medetomidine or acepromazine as part of the preanesthetic medication [36].
• Onset of sedation after intravenous injection of acepromazine/buprenorphine was slower and less obvious, while its duration was difficult to determine for the ponies could be aroused by noise even when apparently fully sedated [37].

References