Disease relevance of Photorhabdus

• Photorhabdus sp. strain K122 was found to produce higher levels of the protein CAP87K when cultured at 9 degrees C than when cultured at 28 degrees C. NH2-terminal sequencing of this protein revealed homology with the NH2 terminus of Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase [1].
• Sequence data show that the antifeeding component is part of a large gene cluster that may form a defective prophage and that six potential members of this prophage are present in Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TTO1, a species which also has sep gene homologues [2].
• Here we describe the construction and characterization of a biosensing reporter where luxCDABE genes from Photorhabdus luminescens, engineered for expression in Gram-positive organisms, are under the transcriptional control of QacR repressor from Staphylococcus aureus [3].
• The toxin sequence shares 50-96% identical amino acid residues with the previously reported tccC1 cloned from X. nematophilus, Photorhabdus luminescens W14 P. luminescens TTO1, and Yersinia pestis CO92 [4].
• The role of chaperones Hsp70 (DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE) and Hsp100 (ClpA-ClpB-ClpX) in refolding of thermoinactivated luciferase from the marine bacterium Photobacterium fischeri and the terrestrial bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens has been studied [5].

High impact information on Photorhabdus

• In vivo expression of the mannose-resistant fimbriae of Photorhabdus temperata K122 during insect infection [6].
• PrtA was inhibited by 1,10-phenantroline and by EDTA and had a molecular mass of 56 kDa and an optimal activity at pH 9 and 50 degrees C. Sequences of three peptides of PrtA showed strong homologies with alkaline metalloproteases from Photorhabdus temperata K122 and Photorhabdus luminescens W14 [7].
• Photobactin: a catechol siderophore produced by Photorhabdus luminescens, an entomopathogen mutually associated with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC1 nematodes [8].
• A Phosphopantetheinyl transferase homolog is essential for Photorhabdus luminescens to support growth and reproduction of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora [9].
• Sequence analysis of the 17-kb region showed that the predicted products of three of the open reading frames (sepA, sepB, and sepC) showed significant sequence similarity to components of the insecticidal toxin produced by the bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Photorhabdus

• Two yellow pigments were isolated for the first time from the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens in liquid culture and were identified as the anthraquinone derivatives 3,8-dimethoxy-1-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (minor) and 1,3-dimethoxy-8-hydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (major) [11].
• During growth in the insect, Photorhabdus bacteria produce a broad-spectrum antibiotic identified as 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene (ST) [12].
• The gene stlA encodes a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase that is involved in the production of a stilbene antibiotic in Photorhabdus luminescens TT01 [12].
• The biosensing strain contains a plasmid incorporating the bacterial luciferase operon of Photorhabdus luminescens under the control of the tetracycline responsive element from transposon Tn10 (Korpela et al. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4457-4462) [13].
• The Photorhabdus strains (Hb, HP88, C1, K122, HSH2, HL81, S172) represented two species and were also separated according to this in the cross-hybridisation [14].

Biological context of Photorhabdus

• One sensor plasmid contained the bacterial luciferase operon of Photorhabdus luminescens under the control of the tetracycline-responsive element from transposon Tn10 (15) [15].

Gene context of Photorhabdus

• Genetic and biochemical characterization of PrtA, an RTX-like metalloprotease from Photorhabdus [16].
• A specific extracellular proteinase, degrading selectively the cecropin-based defence system of insects, is secreted into the larval body during parasitism of the greater wax moth by the Heterorhabditis bacteriophora/Photorhabdus luminescens complex and by phase 1 of P. luminescens [17].
• Two groups of entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, share an inhibitory action against phospholipase A2 to induce host immunodepression [18].
• The gene coding for polynucleotide phosphorylase in Photorhabdus sp. strain K122 is induced at low temperatures [1].
• (type strain CIP 105563T) and Photorhabdus asymbiotica sp. nov [19].

References