High impact information on Fertilization

• Artificial activation of oocytes by KCl or the ionophore A 23187, up to the polar body extrusion stage, allows successful fertilizations upon a subsequent insemination [1].
• In vitro fertilization (IVF) provides approaches to study the mechanisms by which oocytes block polyspermic fertilization [2].
• No evidence for extrapair fertilizations in the merlin revealed by DNA fingerprinting [3].
• Irrespective of the mode of follicular aspiration, significantly more multipronuclear fertilizations occurred following stimulation with a combination of clomiphene and human menopausal gonadotrophin, than after clomiphene alone (P less than 0.05) [4].
• However, polyspermic fertilization rate was lower, and fertilization efficiency and blastocyst cell number were higher in the caffeine-free group compared to the caffeine-supplemented group (P<0.05) [5].

Anatomical context of Fertilization

• A strong correlation between penetration and polyspermic fertilization rates has been demonstrated, but there was no correlation between the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa, as assessed by chlortetracycline staining, at the time of insemination and fertilization rates [6].
• Around 80% of the abnormal zygotes from IVF were the consequence of monospermic fertilizations [7].

Associations of Fertilization with chemical compounds

• Continuous exposure of embryos to chlorambucil (10(-6) to 3 x 10(-4) M) starting after fertilization delayed the first cleavage and hatching [8].
• These results indicate that changes resembling activation occur following sucrose exposure and that sucrose activation can be used to reduce the risk of polyspermic fertilization in zona drilling procedures [9].
• Influence of slurry and ammonium nitrate fertilizations on soil and plant metabolism of chlorpyrifos in field cauliflower [10].
• Yield and content in nitrates, minerals and ascorbic acid of leeks and turnips grown under mineral or organic nitrogen fertilizations [11].

Gene context of Fertilization

• Although repetitiveness of delayed fertilization is low, it seems to impact negatively on IVF results [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fertilization

• CONCLUSION: Partial zona dissection was associated with minimal polyspermic fertilization and higher normal fertilization rates than sibling oocytes treated by modified IVF [13].
• The appearance of polyspermic fertilization was not related to the age of the patient (which ranged from 20 to 45 years) nor to the method of ovarian stimulation (clomiphene, hMG, or clomiphene/hMG) [14].

References