Disease relevance of Chlorotetracycline

• Chlortetracycline for dracunculiasis [1].
• Membrane lateral phase separations and chlortetracycline transport by Bacillus megaterium [2].
• Lymecycline therapy significantly decreased the duration of the illness in patients with Chlamydia trachomatis-triggered ReA, but not in other ReA patients [3].
• The anticollagenolytic potential of lymecycline in the long-term treatment of reactive arthritis [4].
• Chlortetracycline and demeclocycline inhibit calpains and protect mouse neurons against glutamate toxicity and cerebral ischemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Chlorotetracycline

• Chlortetracycline was shown to be a useful qualitative indicator for the release of intracellular calcium with a relatively rapid response time [6].

High impact information on Chlorotetracycline

• Although indirect evidence using chlorotetracycline suggests that control of calcium homeostasis at the plasma membrane may be central to insulin secretion, the mechanism by which secretagogues influence the handling of calcium remains unknown [7].
• Use of chlorotetracycline fluorescence to demonstrate Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cardiac cells [8].
• The present study is a direct demonstration of Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the SR of skinned cardiac cells treated with chlorotetracycline (CTC), a fluorescent chelate probe which enables changes in the amount of Ca2+ bound to a variety of biological membranes or micelles to be monitored [8].
• The interaction of chemotactic factors (fMet-Leu-Phe and C5a) with rabbit neutrophils leads to rapid and specific release of membrane calcium, as evidenced by changes in the fluorescence of cell-associated chlorotetracycline [9].
• Fluorescence emission intensity measurements from the spindle for chlorotetracycline (CTC) decline before the onset of anaphase, indicating a reduction in the amount of membrane-associated Ca2+ and suggesting an efflux of Ca2+ from membrane compartments into the spindle [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorotetracycline

• We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of 3-month treatment with lymecycline, a form of tetracycline, in reactive arthritis (ReA) [3].
• Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline caused maximally 18% hemolysis at 200 micrograms/ml and lymecycline only 7% at 100 micrograms/ml [11].
• The resting levels of cytoplasmic Ca2+ (measured by Quin 2 fluorescence) and dense tubular Ca2+ (measured by chlorotetracycline, CTC, fluorescence) are shown to be higher in platelets from patients with arterial thrombosis than from normal donors [12].
• Treatment of infection due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae with oral thiamphenicol and with oral lymecycline [13].
• Differences in phototoxic potency should be considered when tetracyclines are prescribed during summer-time. A study on doxycycline and lymecycline in human volunteers, using an objective method for recording erythema [14].

Biological context of Chlorotetracycline

• Detection of the membrane-calcium distribution during mitosis in Haemanthus endosperm with chlorotetracycline [15].
• Using fluorescent probes, patterns of membrane-associated calcium (chlortetracycline, CTC) and membrane potential (3-3'-dipentyloxacarbocyanine, di-O-C5 (3)) in single living human neutrophils were observed with a fluorescence microscope fitted with an image intensifier and photometer [16].
• Cells with intracellular calcium deposits, indicating cell death with mitochondrial calcification, were identified by chlorotetracycline fluorescence [17].
• The initial rate of Ca2+ release, which was induced by a Ca2+ jump and determined by stopped-flow fluorometry using chlorotetracycline, decreased upon phosphorylation, whereas it was restored upon dephosphorylation [18].
• Chlorotetracycline fluorescence is a quantitative measure of the free internal Ca2+ concentration achieved by active transport. In situ calibration and application to bovine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles [19].

Anatomical context of Chlorotetracycline

• We have developed an assay for detecting the acrosome reaction in mouse sperm using chlortetracycline (CTC) as a fluorescent probe [20].
• Subcellular distribution of the divalent cation-sensitive probe chlorotetracycline (CTC) was observed by fluorescence microscopy in isolated pancreatic acinar cells, dissociated hepatocytes, rod photoreceptors, and erythrocytes [21].
• Chlorotetracycline as a fluorescent Ca2+ probe in pancreatic islet cells [22].
• Mouse gamete interactions during fertilization in vitro. Chlortetracycline as a fluorescent probe for the mouse sperm acrosome reaction [20].
• The chlorotetracycline fluorescence signal is a linear measure of the level of free calcium in the dense tubules and in the mitochondria, with probe sensitivity in the millimolar range [23].

Associations of Chlorotetracycline with other chemical compounds

• Sodium salicylate and other NSAIDs also inhibit calcium movements (45Ca uptake, changes in fluorescence of chlortetracycline and quin-2) [24].
• The latter studies revealed spatial differences in the location of the thapsigargin-sensitive and caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores (measured as thapsigargin-sensitive and caffeine-sensitive chlortetracycline fluorescence) [25].
• Uptake by the dense tubules is more rapid (t 1/2 = 2 minutes), produces a smaller increase in chlorotetracycline fluorescence, is inhibited by trifluoperazine, and is less sensitive to A23187 [23].
• Analysis shows that mitochondrial uptake is slow (t 1/2 = 20 minutes), produces a large increase in chlorotetracycline fluorescence, and is inhibited by sodium azide plus oligomycin [23].
• The effect of ouabain on Ca2+ homeostasis in human platelets was studied using both quin 2 and chlorotetracycline to monitor changes in cytosolic Ca2+ as well as changes in the amount of Ca2+ accumulated in intracellular storage sites [26].

Gene context of Chlorotetracycline

• Further, IL-1 stimulated the mobilization of cell membrane-associated Ca2+ as monitored by a decrease in fluorescence of chlorotetracycline (CTC)-loaded neutrophils [27].
• When epididymal spermatozoa were incubated in the presence of anti-TCP-11 IgG Fab fragments for a total of 120 min and assessed using chlortetracycline fluorescence, we observed a stimulation of capacitation and an inhibition of spontaneous acrosome loss, suggestive of enhanced fertility compared with untreated suspensions [28].
• The addition of heated chlortetracycline (cTc) inactivates TetR, turning on the synthesis of Flp and TrfA, which respectively, execute (i) excision of the 51-kb genomic segment between the two FRT sites (in lacZ and in phoB), and (ii) its amplification [29].
• Stimulus-secretion coupling in pancreatic exocrine cells was studied using dissociated acini, prepared from mouse pancreas, and chlorotetracycline (CTC), a fluorescent probe which forms highly fluorescent complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions bound to membranes [30].
• In this article, PDGF has been shown to stimulate activation of human peripheral blood neutrophils defined by loss of membrane associated calcium as reflected by loss of chlortetracycline fluorescence, release of superoxide anion and specific granule enzymes, and enhanced neutrophil adherence and aggregation [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorotetracycline

• When used as detectors in liquid chromatography (in H(3)PO(4) pH 2.5 + 0.1 M KH(2)PO(4) + 20% CH(3)CN, E = 1.10 V vs SCE), the electrodes gave limits of detection (>3 S/N) of 0.1 ppm for tetracycline and oxytetracycline and 0.5 ppm for doxycycline and chlorotetracycline [32].
• The fluorescence emission and circular dichroism spectra of chlortetracycline (CTC) have been measured, including the effects of multivalent cations (Ca, Mg, La), of medium polarity, and of interaction with human red cell membranes, lipids, and a variety of proteins [33].
• Determination by HPLC of chlortetracycline in pig faeces [34].
• The H2 breath test normalized in 70% of patients after rifaximin and in 27% of patients after chlortetracycline [35].
• To investigate sperm-OEC interactions, we used chlortetracycline to study the capacitation status of boar spermatozoa in coculture with homologous OEC and cells of nonreproductive origin (LLC-PK1, porcine kidney epithelial cell line) [36].

References