Disease relevance of SYNNEMATIN B

• Analysis of penicillin N ring expansion activity from Streptomyces clavuligerus by ion-pair high-pressure liquid chromatography [1].
• The hydrophilic types are penicillin N, cephalosporins and 7-alpha-methoxycephalosporins (cephamycins) which are made by fungi, actinomycetes and unicellular bacteria [2].

High impact information on SYNNEMATIN B

• Cell-free ring expansion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C by Cephalosporium acremonium CW-19 and its mutants [3].
• To examine microbiological ring expansion of penicillin N to a cephalosporin, we obtained five mutants of Cephalosporium acremonium blocked in beta-lactam antibiotic biosynthesis from 2500 survivors of mutagenesis [3].
• Conversion of isopenicillin N into penicillin N in cell-free extracts of Cephalosporium acremonium [4].
• In a cell-free system prepared by osmotic lysis of protoplasts of Cephalosporium acremonium, isopenicillin N is converted into penicillin N [4].
• The kinetics and stoichiometry of DAOC/DAC formation from the expandase/hydroxylase-catalyzed reactions suggested that ring expansion of penicillin N preceded hydroxylation of DAOC [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of SYNNEMATIN B

• Deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase (DAOCS) catalyses the oxidative ring expansion of penicillin N, the committed step in the biosynthesis of cephamycin C by Streptomyces clavuligerus [6].
• A specific acylase designated A933 acylase was isolated and purified to 90% protein homogeneity from Streptomyces fulvoviridis A933 17M9 which produces PS-5, epithienamycins A and C and MM 17880 together with minor carbapenem analogs, penicillin N and cephamycin C [7].

Biological context of SYNNEMATIN B

• Further studies on the cyclization of the unnatural tripeptide delta-(D-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine to penicillin N [8].
• A hybrid cefE gene, encoding penicillin N expandase, was constructed by fusing the promoter sequences, Pcp, and terminator sequences, Pct from the Penicillium chrysogenum pcbC gene to the open reading frame (orf), cefEorf, from the Streptomyces clavuligerus cefE gene [9].

Anatomical context of SYNNEMATIN B

• A cell-free preparation, obtained by osmotic lysis of protoplasts, synthesized labelled penicillin N from L-[14C]valine [10].

Associations of SYNNEMATIN B with other chemical compounds

• The N304A mutation apparently enhanced in vitro conversion of penicillin N but had little effect on the oxidation of penicillin G, under standard assay conditions [11].
• Stimulation of the conversion of penicillin N to cephalosporin by ascorbic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate, and ferrous ions in cell-free extracts of strains of Cephalosporium acremonium [12].

Gene context of SYNNEMATIN B

• The concentrations of cephalosporin C (CPC) and its precursors: penicillin N (PEN N), deacetoxy cephalosporin C (DAOC), and deacetyl cephalosporin C (DAC) were monitored with an on-line HPLC [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SYNNEMATIN B

• Pure penicillin N was prepared using HPLC in the analytical mode [14].

References