Disease relevance of penicillin g

• We identified 11 HIV-infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis; 5 had been treated previously for early syphilis with penicillin G benzathine [1].
• We undertook a prospective study of the pharmacokinetics of penicillin G (administered intravenously every four hours for a total of b50,000 U per kilogram per day) in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with purulent meningitis [2].
• We examined the response to treatment with high-dose penicillin G in HIV-infected patients with symptomatic neurosyphilis [1].
• To monitor temporal trends and regional differences in antibiotic susceptibility, we measured the minimum inhibitory concentrations for penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, and spectinomycin of 4405 pre-treatment gonococcal isolates from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea [3].
• Penicillin G in the dosage studied is adequate therapy for most streptococcal and meningococcal meningitis in children; an increased dosage may be necessary when the minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin to the etiologic agent is unusually high [2].

Psychiatry related information on penicillin g

• Paradoxical action of penicillin G on Staphylococcus aureus: a time study of the effect of a zonal antibiotic concentration gradient on bacterial growth [4].
• The response time of the sensor to different concentrations of penicillin G was 30 s [5].

High impact information on penicillin g

• The response of symptomatic neurosyphilis to high-dose intravenous penicillin G in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection [1].
• In closely confined populations, in which epidemics of Streptococcus pyogenes infection are common, penicillin G benzathine has long been used prophylactically to reduce morbidity from this pathogen [6].
• We retrospectively studied 24 adults with bacteremic pneumonia (25 episodes) due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci, for which the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin G were 0.12 to 8.0 micrograms per milliliter; 79 percent of the strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance [7].
• For several reasons, including the appearance of beta-lactamase-producing gonococci, it is no longer clear that penicillin G is the "drug of choice" for gonorrhea [8].
• The X-ray crystal structure of the molecular complex of penicillin G with a deacylation-defective mutant of the RTEM-1 beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli shows how these antibiotics are recognized and destroyed [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of penicillin g

• We treated a patient with staphylococcal meningitis refractory to methicillin sodium and oxacillin sodium, and a patient with Listeria meningitis refractory to penicillin G potassium and ampicillin sodium; both patients were cured when intrathecal gentamicin sulfate was added to the regimen [10].
• In a prospective study, 91 patients with penicillin-sensitive infective endocarditis (IE) were treated for two weeks with intramuscular (IM) penicillin G procaine, 1.2 million units every six hours, plus streptomycin sulfate, 500 mg IM every 12 hours [11].
• Ceftriaxone sodium therapy of penicillin G-susceptible streptococcal endocarditis [12].
• Patients with urethritis whose slides are "borderline" should be treated as for nongonococcal urethritis with tetracycline hydrochloride and not with aqueous penicillin G procaine [13].
• Treatment of aspiration pneumonia and primary lung abscess. Penicillin G vs clindamycin [14].

Biological context of penicillin g

• Treatment and follow-up of the pharyngeal infections were available only for the men seen at the Clark Public Health Clinic. These men responded to penicillin G procaine for penicillin-sensitive N gonorrhoeae and to spectinomycin hydrochloride for PPNG [15].
• This disorder was characterised by: prolongation of bleeding-time, appearing immediately after penicillin-G administration and persisting until 4 days after withdrawal of therapy; disturbance of collagen-induced and ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation; increase of antithrombin-III activity; and inhibition of factor-xa activity [16].
• A coagulation disorder was seen after penicillin-G administration (10 million units/day) in uraemic patients and after high-dose penicillin G (40 million units/day) in patients with a normal glomerular filtration-rate (5 patients after cardiac surgery) [16].
• In cells grown at 24 degrees C the localization of beta-lactamase on the cell surface was almost quantitative (greater than 80% of the enzymatically active protein was exposed to the extracellular fluid) as determined by nitrocefin and penicillin G hydrolysis and trypsin accessibility [17].
• These data establish that the hydroxylaminolysis is an enzymatically catalyzed process suggesting that penicillin G is bound to an enzymatically active site [18].

Anatomical context of penicillin g

• Intravenous administration of a total dose of more than 200 million IU of penicillin-G led to sensitisation of lymphocytes and formation of specific anti-penicilloyl antibodies of the IgG class [19].
• Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor versus placebo in addition to penicillin G in a randomized blinded study of gram-negative pneumonia sepsis: analysis of survival and multisystem organ failure [20].
• Two cell lines that were multidrug resistant showed no enhanced resistance to NHPAP +/- penicillin G amidase [21].
• T cell clones specific for penicillin G or BPO-HSA were established and their phenotype and reactivity to both forms of the beta-lactam were analyzed [22].
• Infrared spectroscopy analysis using isogenic penicillin-susceptible strains and strains with reduced susceptibility to penicillin G suggested that the meningococcal cell wall is also modified in a penA-dependent manner [23].

Associations of penicillin g with other chemical compounds

• Ceftriaxone is a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin with a long serum half-life and is many times more active than penicillin G against both beta-lactamase-positive or -negative strains of N gonorrhoeae [24].
• Treponemicidal levels of penicillin in the CSF were not obtained following intramuscular (IM) injections of 600,000 IU of penicillin G procaine along with 2% aluminum monostearate (PAM) [25].
• Carbenicillin and penicillin G inhibit platelet function in vitro by impairing the interaction of agonists with the platelet surface [26].
• The carboxylate of Asp 49 forms hydrogen bonds to four conserved, catalytic residues in the beta-lactamase, thereby mimicking the position of the penicillin G carboxylate observed in the acyl-enzyme complex of TEM-1 with substrate [27].
• We examined the modulation of T cell phenotype induced by hapten-specific stimulation using the model of beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin G (Pen G), Pen V, and ampicillin (Amp) [28].

Gene context of penicillin g

• Accordingly, most penicillin G-specific T cell clones derived from two subjects with ADR released high concentrations of IL-4 alone or IL-4 and IFN-gamma [29].
• Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was induced from a human peripheral mononuclear fraction by incubation with a streptococcal preparation stabilized with penicillin G (OK432) [30].
• Therefore, a systematic study of the interaction among seven PGP substrates (phenazine, doxorubicin, cephalexin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, penicillin G, and quercetin) and two modulators (quinidine and nicardipine) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) model membranes is reported here [31].
• NSAIDs (salicylate, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, and indomethacin), probenecid, and penicillin G dose dependently inhibited methotrexate uptake mediated by hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOAT4 [32].
• No correlation was detected between the presence of particular macrolide-resistance genes (ermB, ermB + mefE, or mefE) and resistance to penicillin G [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of penicillin g

• Shortly after birth, 1187 neonates weighing 2000 g or less had blood samples taken for cultures and were randomized into an early-treatment group (given intramuscular penicillin G within 60 minutes of birth) or a control group [34].
• Skin tests, penicillin G procaine, and pseudoanaphylaxis [35].
• Accidental intra-arterial injection of penicillin G. A preventable catastrophe [36].
• Pneumococcal penicillin G sodium minimal inhibitory concentrations and serotyping were performed [37].
• The combination of microdialysis and fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to follow the pharmacokinetics of penicillin G directly in the blood-stream of a live rat [38].

References