Disease relevance of y2956

• Virulence factors of Yersinia pestis are overcome by a strong lipopolysaccharide response [1].
• Evading TLR4 activation by lipid A alteration may contribute to the virulence of various Gram-negative bacteria [1].
• One of them potentially encodes a prophage (YpfPhi), similar to filamentous phages associated with virulence in other pathogens [2].
• To evaluate the potential virulence properties of Psa for pneumonic plague, an Escherichia coli strain expressing Psa was engineered and shown to adhere to three types of human respiratory tract epithelial cells [3].
• Yersinia pestis YopJ suppresses tumor necrosis factor alpha induction and contributes to apoptosis of immune cells in the lymph node but is not required for virulence in a rat model of bubonic plague [4].

High impact information on y2956

• Yersinia pestis, the plague bacillus, has an exceptional pathogenicity but the factors responsible for its extreme virulence are still unknown [2].
• Both effects were dependent on the presence of the pCD1 virulence plasmid and on a bacterial growth shift to 37 degrees C prior to infection [5].
• These T cell antigens consisted of a panel of proteins encoded by pCD1, a 70-kDa plasmid that harbors virulence factors and transport proteins of the cell contact-dependent, type III secretion system [6].
• Numerous bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems (T3SSs) or T4SSs to inject or translocate virulence proteins into eukaryotic cells [7].
• We present evidence that human cytolytic T cells respond to Y. pestis virulence proteins presented by infected monocytes and dendritic cells [6].

Biological context of y2956

• These proteins could be divided into two classes according to function: those regulating operons involved in catabolism of carbon and energy sources and those involved in regulating virulence genes. lcrF::lacZ transcriptional fusions were constructed and analyzed in Y. pestis and E. coli [8].
• Mu dI1(Ap lac) mutagenesis of Yersinia pestis plasmid pFra and identification of temperature-regulated loci associated with virulence [9].
• Current trends in plague research: from genomics to virulence [10].

Associations of y2956 with chemical compounds

• The yersiniabactin (Ybt) system is a siderophore-dependent transport system required for full virulence [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of y2956

• This assay is the first 4-target multiplex real-time PCR assay for Y. pestis in which detection and virulence assessment of Y. pestis can occur in one reaction, from clinical and environmental samples [12].
• Several investigators have looked into the use of alternatives, such as immunotherapy, non-pathogen-specific immunomodulatory therapy, phage therapy, bacteriocin therapy, and treatment with inhibitors of virulence factors [13].
• Molecular methods to investigate the presence of plasmid and chromosomal EAEC-associated virulence markers, have been used for the characterization and epidemiological studies of EAEC strains [14].

References