Disease relevance of Eukaryotic Cells

• Pseudomonas exotoxin A is a single chain toxin with three structural domains that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells by catalyzing ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2 [1].
• Holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) plays an essential role in biotin utilization in eukaryotic cells and its deficiency causes biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency in humans [2].
• A variety of genera and species of the family Enterobacteriaceae bear surface fimbriae that enable them to bind to D-mannose residues on eukaryotic cells [3].
• A self-splicing group I intron has been found in cyanobacteria at the same position of the same gene (that encoding leucyl transfer RNA, UAA anticodon) as a similar group I intron of chloroplasts, which indicates that this intron predates the invasion of eukaryotic cells by cyanobacterial endosymbionts [4].
• A tRNA(Lys) with a CUU anticodon, which has a strong affinity for AAG lysine codons, is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in E. coli [5].

Psychiatry related information on Eukaryotic Cells

• Considering the abundant nature of bacterial Hsp 60 and the upregulation of this protein after Salmonella infection of eukaryotic cells, this mode of antigen presentation may be particularly relevant to understanding the host defense mechanisms against gram-negative bacteria [6].

High impact information on Eukaryotic Cells

• Genetic and biochemical analysis shows that several distinct chaperone systems, including Hsp70 and the cylindrical chaperonins, assist the folding of proteins upon translation in the cytosol of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells [7].
• The AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinase subfamily: metabolic sensors of the eukaryotic cell [8]?
• In this review we discuss how PP1 affects the biochemistry and physiology of eukaryotic cells [9].
• The yeast transcriptional activator Gal4 has served as a paradigm for understanding how eukaryotic cells mount rapid transcriptional responses to environmental changes [10].
• In eukaryotic cells, the SH2 and PTB domains mediate protein-protein interactions by recognizing phosphotyrosine residues on target proteins [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Eukaryotic Cells

• Anthrax toxin edema factor: a bacterial adenylate cyclase that increases cyclic AMP concentrations of eukaryotic cells [12].
• Regulatory elements that control tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli were previously converted into highly specific transcription regulation systems that function in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells [13].
• As an approach to inducible suppression of nonsense mutations in mammalian and in higher eukaryotic cells, we have analyzed the expression of an Escherichia coli glutamine-inserting amber suppressor tRNA gene in COS-1 and CV-1 monkey kidney cells [14].
• Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and the related cholera toxin exert their effects on eukaryotic cells through the ADP-ribosylation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins of the adenylate cyclase complex [15].
• C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase is an exoenzyme produced by certain strains of Clostridium botulinum types C and D, which specifically ADP-ribosylates rho proteins in eukaryotic cells [16].

Biological context of Eukaryotic Cells

• Hsp90 molecular chaperones in eukaryotic cells play essential roles in the folding and activation of a range of client proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, steroid hormone responsiveness, and signal transduction [17].
• The synthesis and destruction of cyclin B drives mitosis in eukaryotic cells [18].
• It discusses recently proposed models for the translocation of receptor-cargo complexes through the NPC channel and reviews how the small GTPase Ran functions as a positional marker of the genome to regulate multiple important aspects of the eukaryotic cell cycle [19].
• The RAD6 pathway is central to post-replicative DNA repair in eukaryotic cells; however, the machinery and its regulation remain poorly understood [20].
• The hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdInsP2) is a widespread receptor-coupled signalling system at the plasma membrane of most eukaryotic cells [21].

Anatomical context of Eukaryotic Cells

• In eukaryotic cells, the Golgi apparatus receives newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and delivers them after covalent modification to their destination in the cell [22].
• Using the antibodies that confirmed the presence of CEP80 in eukaryotic cells, we show here that the protein is located on ribosomes [23].
• Propagation of eukaryotic cells has been demonstrated to be dependent on the presence of macromolecular growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), which can stimulate proliferation of epithelial and fibroblastic cell lines [24].
• Generation of electron currents across the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells has not been observed previously and might be-independently of the generation of superoxide-a physiologically relevant function of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase [25].
• Sera from 30 such patients were found to immunoprecipitate ribonuclease P (RNase P), an RNP enzyme required to process the 5' termini of transfer RNA transcripts in nuclei and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells [26].

Associations of Eukaryotic Cells with chemical compounds

• Cells from four of the five patients grew successfully in high concentrations of G418, a neomycin analogue otherwise toxic to eukaryotic cells [27].
• The fungal metabolite brefeldin A is a powerful tool for investigating membrane traffic in eukaryotic cells [28].
• Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a natural compound that mobilizes calcium ions in several eukaryotic cells [29].
• Poly(A) polymerase has a critical role in the synthesis of messenger RNA in eukaryotic cells [30].
• Here we show that a novel cytoprotective hydroxylamine derivative, [2-hydroxy-3-(1-piperidinyl) propoxy]-3-pyridinecarboximidoil-chloride maleate, Bimoclomol, facilitates the formation of chaperone molecules in eukaryotic cells by inducing or amplifying expression of heat-shock genes [31].

Gene context of Eukaryotic Cells

• Actin, a major cytoskeletal component of all eukaryotic cells, is one of the most highly conserved proteins [32].
• Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a member of a highly conserved family of protein kinases that regulate the eukaryotic cell cycle [33].
• Homologues of ste6 and CDC25 could regulate ras activity in other eukaryotic cells [34].
• These functional characteristics, typical of inward-rectifying K+ channels in eukaryotic cells, demonstrate that KAT1 encodes an inward-rectifying K+ channel [35].
• Cdc42p, a Rho-related GTP-binding protein, regulates cytoskeletal polarization and rearrangements in eukaryotic cells, but the effectors mediating this control remain unknown [36].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Eukaryotic Cells

• Southern blotting experiments indicate that a gene closely related to bacA/sbmA is found in many bacteria, including some that invade eukaryotic cells [37].
• Through yeast two-hybrid screening and co-immunoprecipitation assays from eukaryotic cells, we also discovered the interaction between HMGI-C and PIAS3 (protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3)) [38].
• Local opening of the DNA double helix in eukaryotic cells detected by osmium probe and adduct-specific immunofluorescence [39].
• Molecular cloning of human immune interferon cDNA and its expression in eukaryotic cells [40].
• PML oncogenic domains (PODs) were described in several types of eukaryotic cells using human autoantibodies which recognize nuclear antigens with a specific speckled pattern (dots) in indirect immunofluorescence (IF) [41].

References