Disease relevance of l(2)tid

• A partial open reading frame 165 base pairs 3' to the end of dnaK encodes a peptide of 190 amino acids that is 59% identical to DnaJ of E. coli [1].
• Negative regulation of hepatitis B virus replication by cellular Hsp40/DnaJ proteins through destabilization of viral core and X proteins [2].

High impact information on l(2)tid

• TID1, a human homolog of the Drosophila tumor suppressor l(2)tid, encodes two mitochondrial modulators of apoptosis with opposing functions [3].
• These splice variants are both highly conserved members of the DnaJ family of proteins, which regulate the activity of and confer substrate specificity to Hsp70 proteins [3].
• Tid1, a cochaperone of the heat shock 70 protein and the mammalian counterpart of the Drosophila tumor suppressor l(2)tid, is critical for early embryonic development and cell survival [4].
• They include mouse Tid1, a homologue of the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene l(2)tid, recently implicated in modulation of apoptosis as well as gamma interferon and NF-kappaB signaling [5].
• Tid1, a DnaJ cochaperone protein, is the mammalian homologue of the Drosophila tumor suppressor Tid56 whose antitumor function is most likely mediated through its capacity to regulate cell differentiation in imaginal discs [6].

Biological context of l(2)tid

• The identification of a novel Drosophila melanogaster gene, angel, is presented in this study. angel is located on the right arm of the second chromosome at locus 59F5, close to the nested genes l(2)tid, l(2)not, l(2)rot and l(2)dtl [7].
• The Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene lethal(2)tumorous imaginal discs (l(2)tid) causes in homozygotes malignant growth of cells of the imaginal discs and the death of the mutant larvae at the time of puparium formation [8].
• The isolated fragment, which maps at the cytogenetic position 50A5 on chromosome 5, carries the Dvir homologs of the Dmel genes l(2)tid and l(2)not [9].
• Because loss of l(2)tid causes neoplastic transformation of Hh-responsive cells, we suggest that Tid47 may at least act as a guardian of the Hh signaling gradient by regulating Ptc homeostasis in the tissue [10].
• The phenotypes of double mutants between two l(2)tid alleles and tumor suppressor genes, such as lethal(2)giant larvae and lethal(2)brain tumor, and the epithelial overgrowth mutant lethal(2)fat are described and discussed [11].

Other interactions of l(2)tid

• Interestingly, the Dvir homolog of the Dmel l(2)rot gene residing in the l(2)not intron on its coding strand, opposite l(2)tid, is not present in the 6201-bp genomic fragment [9].
• The DnaJ60 gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a new member of the DnaJ family of proteins [12].
• Implantation of l(2)tid imaginal disc tissue pieces in vivo into wild-type adult flies revealed a lethal, tumorous growth comparable to that in situ, thus characterizing the l(2)tid imaginal discs as truly malignant [11].
• The Drosophila melanogaster tumor suppressor gene lethal(2)tumorous imaginal discs (tid) was identified as a homolog of all dnaJ-like genes known to date which have been well preserved in evolution [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of l(2)tid

• We describe the molecular cloning of the l(2)tid+ gene and its temporal expression pattern in the wild-type and mutant alleles [8].
• To specify the function(s) of the Tid50 protein polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed against various domains of it were generated and used for staining of Western blots and whole-mounts and paraffin sections of various tissues isolated from wild-type and mutant tumor-developing animals [13].

References