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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Gene Review

CXCR4  -  chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4

Felis catus

 
 
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Disease relevance of CXCR4

 

Psychiatry related information on CXCR4

 

High impact information on CXCR4

  • Binding of the FIV major surface glycoprotein on activated CD4+ T cells was observed through direct interaction with CD134 whereas, on activated CD8+ T cells, the binding was CD134-independent and mediated by CXCR4 and, to a lesser extent, heparan sulfate proteoglycans [5].
  • These two nonlymphoid cell lines express very low levels of CXCR4 and are permissive to FIV-34TF10 but not to productive infection by FIV-PPR [6].
  • The data show that gp95 of the field strain FIV-PPR bound to CXCR4 at 22 degrees C, whereas binding was not detected at 4 degrees C. In contrast, binding of the laboratory adapted FIV-34TF10 gp95 was observed at either 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C, albeit at increased levels at the higher temperature [6].
  • Factors that increase the effective concentration of CXCR4 dictate feline immunodeficiency virus tropism and kinetics of replication [6].
  • Upregulation of surface feline CXCR4 expression following ectopic expression of CCR5: implications for studies of the cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus [7].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of CXCR4

  • Most isolates of LLV and PLV productively infected domestic feline T cells, but differed from domestic cat FIV by infecting cells independent of CXCR4, demonstrating equivalent or enhanced replication following heparin exposure, and demonstrating substantial divergence in amino acid sequence and secondary structure in Env receptor binding domains [8].
  • They expressed mRNA of CXCR4, and the FIV infection was blocked by stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha), SDF-1beta, or the bicyclam AMD3100 in a dose-dependent manner [4].
 

Anatomical context of CXCR4

 

Regulatory relationships of CXCR4

 

Other interactions of CXCR4

  • The feline CXCR4 has been shown to facilitate fusion by FIV [44] and we suggest that the feline CCR5 receptor mediates infection of feline cells by M-tropic strains of FIV [11].
  • Real-time RT-PCR was used to measure expression of representative placental Th1 cytokines, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a Th2 cytokine, IL-10, and chemokine receptor CXCR4 [12].

References

  1. Preferential feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection of CD4+ CD25+ T-regulatory cells correlates both with surface expression of CXCR4 and activation of FIV long terminal repeat binding cellular transcriptional factors. Joshi, A., Garg, H., Tompkins, M.B., Tompkins, W.A. J. Virol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. The second extracellular loop of CXCR4 determines its function as a receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus. Willett, B.J., Adema, K., Heveker, N., Brelot, A., Picard, L., Alizon, M., Turner, J.D., Hoxie, J.A., Peiper, S., Neil, J.C., Hosie, M.J. J. Virol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  3. Expression of mRNA of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in feline mammary adenocarcinoma. Tanabe, S., Nakadai, T., Furuoka, H., Oomachi, T., Kobayashi, Y., Omata, Y., Koyama, T., Hondo, E., Uzuka, Y., Sarashina, T., Ducusin, R.J., Shida, T., Dorf, M.E. Vet. Rec. (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. CXCR4 is the primary receptor for feline immunodeficiency virus in astrocytes. Nakagaki, K., Nakagaki, K., Takahashi, K., Schols, D., De Clercq, E., Tabira, T. J. Neurovirol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. Feline immunodeficiency virus targets activated CD4+ T cells by using CD134 as a binding receptor. de Parseval, A., Chatterji, U., Sun, P., Elder, J.H. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2004) [Pubmed]
  6. Factors that increase the effective concentration of CXCR4 dictate feline immunodeficiency virus tropism and kinetics of replication. de Parseval, A., Ngo, S., Sun, P., Elder, J.H. J. Virol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  7. Upregulation of surface feline CXCR4 expression following ectopic expression of CCR5: implications for studies of the cell tropism of feline immunodeficiency virus. Willett, B.J., Cannon, C.A., Hosie, M.J. J. Virol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  8. Feline lentiviruses demonstrate differences in receptor repertoire and envelope structural elements. Smirnova, N., Troyer, J.L., Schissler, J., Terwee, J., Poss, M., VandeWoude, S. Virology (2005) [Pubmed]
  9. Shared usage of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 by the feline and human immunodeficiency viruses. Willett, B.J., Picard, L., Hosie, M.J., Turner, J.D., Adema, K., Clapham, P.R. J. Virol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  10. Sequential CD134-CXCR4 interactions in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV): soluble CD134 activates FIV Env for CXCR4-dependent entry and reveals a cryptic neutralization epitope. de Parseval, A., Grant, C.K., Sastry, K.J., Elder, J.H. J. Virol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. Feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells express message for both CXC and CC type chemokine receptors. Kovacs, E.M., Baxter, G.D., Robinson, W.F. Arch. Virol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  12. Placental immunopathology and pregnancy failure in the FIV-infected cat. Weaver, C.C., Burgess, S.C., Nelson, P.D., Wilkinson, M., Ryan, P.L., Nail, C.A., Kelly-Quagliana, K.A., May, M.L., Reeves, R.K., Boyle, C.R., Coats, K.S. Placenta (2005) [Pubmed]
 
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