Disease relevance of ADH4

• Propanediol oxidoreductase exhibited 41.7% identity with the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase II from Zymomonas mobilis and 39.5% identity with ADH4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [1].

High impact information on ADH4

• A yeast strain lacking a functional copy of ADH1 has been isolated that is resistant to antimycin A because of the presence of multiple copies of a nuclear gene, ADH4 [2].
• The chromosomal copy of ADH4 is the most distal marker on the left arm of chromosome VII, and the amplified ADH4-containing molecules appear to contain two copies of the region extending from ADH4 to the telomere [2].
• Resistance to antimycin A in yeast by amplification of ADH4 on a linear, 42 kb palindromic plasmid [2].
• Silencing by Sir protein targeting can also be initiated at a telomere-proximal site (ADH4), but is much weaker at an internal chromosomal locus (LYS2) [3].
• We have found that HMR is more severely derepressed by histone H4 mutations when positioned far from the telomere (cdc14 locus on chromosome VI) but is only minimally affected by the same mutations when integrated immediately adjacent to another telomere (ADH4 locus on chromosome VII) [4].

Biological context of ADH4

• Five spontaneous amplifications of the ADH4 gene were identified among 1,894 antimycin A-resistant mutants isolated from a diploid strain after growth at 15 degrees [5].

Anatomical context of ADH4

• Using genetic knockouts, we show conclusively that the novel mitochondrial ADH is encoded by adh4 and, as such, is unrelated to ADH isoenzymes found in mitochondria of other yeasts [6].

Associations of ADH4 with chemical compounds

• Here we show that after growth at 15 or 20 degrees C on glucose, 30% of the antimycin A resistance mutations are Ty insertions at ADH2 and another 65% of the mutations are Ty insertions at ADH4, a new locus identified and cloned as described in this paper [7].
• This is the first observation that a S. cerevisiae ADH4-like alcohol dehydrogenase functions in yeast ethanol fermentation [8].
• Effect of irradiation and mutagenic chemicals on the generation of ADH2- and ADH4-constitutive mutants in yeast: the inducibility of Ty transposition by UV and ethyl methanesulfonate [9].
• Transposition of Ty elements to two target loci encoding distinct alcohol dehydrogenase enzymes, ADH2 and ADH4, was examined in cells exposed to increasing doses of UV light or 4NQO [10].

Regulatory relationships of ADH4

• Homology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH4 to an iron-activated alcohol dehydrogenase from Zymomonas mobilis [11].

Other interactions of ADH4

• Quantitative PCR analysis also revealed that the transcriptional level of ADH4 was the highest among ADH1 to ADH4 [12].
• Phenotypic identification of amplifications of the ADH4 and CUP1 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ADH4

• Both DNA microarray and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that this ethanol production is caused by the enhanced expression of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH4-like gene product (SPAC5H10.06C named adh4(+)) [8].

References