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Gene Review:

phoP - DNA-binding transcriptional regulator PhoP

Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EDL933

Groisman, E.A. et al., Svensson, M. et al., Joyce, A.R. et al., Leonard, P.M. et al., Hoe, N.P. et al., et al.

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Disease relevance of phoP

We present here the DNA sequence of the phoP gene and show that the deduced amino acid sequence of phoP has extensive homology with the Escherichia coli transcriptional regulators PhoB and OmpR, which control the expression of loci in response to different environmental stimuli [1].
Mutation of the phoP gene rendered Salmonella as sensitive to hydrogen peroxide as an rpoS mutant after growth in low Mg(2+) [2].
As expected, LcrF exhibited 98% homology to VirF of Yersinia enterocolitica and significant homology to the carboxy termini of other members of the AraC family of transcriptional regulatory proteins [3].

High impact information on phoP

The LrpA protein from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus belongs to the Lrp/AsnC family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, of which the Escherichia coli leucine-responsive regulatory protein is the archetype [4].
Sequences homologous to phoP were found in several Gram-negative species and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [1].
These conditionally essential genes were then evaluated using a genome scale metabolic and transcriptional-regulatory model of E. coli, and it was found that the model made the correct prediction in approximately 91% of the cases [5].
The sequence data predicted an open reading frame of 1,740 base pairs (579 amino acids) which overlaps the 5 base pairs of the preceding phoP coding sequence [6].
Salmonella typhi Ty800, deleted for the Salmonella phoP/phoQ virulence regulon has been shown to be a safe and immunogenic single dose oral typhoid fever vaccine in volunteers [7].

Biological context of phoP

Transcriptional regulatory network refinement and quantification through kinetic modeling, gene expression microarray data and information theory [8].

Anatomical context of phoP

Macrophages also processed phoP S. typhimurium strains with greater efficiency for peptide presentation by I-Ak than wild type bacteria while Salmonella constitutively expressing phoP were processed for peptide presentation by I-Ak less efficiently than wild type Salmonella [9].

References

Salmonella typhimurium phoP virulence gene is a transcriptional regulator. Groisman, E.A., Chiao, E., Lipps, C.J., Heffron, F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system stabilizes the alternative sigma factor RpoS in Salmonella enterica. Tu, X., Latifi, T., Bougdour, A., Gottesman, S., Groisman, E.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2006) [Pubmed]
Temperature sensing in Yersinia pestis: regulation of yopE transcription by lcrF. Hoe, N.P., Minion, F.C., Goguen, J.D. J. Bacteriol. (1992) [Pubmed]
Crystal structure of the Lrp-like transcriptional regulator from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Leonard, P.M., Smits, S.H., Sedelnikova, S.E., Brinkman, A.B., de Vos, W.M., van der Oost, J., Rice, D.W., Rafferty, J.B. EMBO J. (2001) [Pubmed]
Experimental and Computational Assessment of Conditionally Essential Genes in Escherichia coli. Joyce, A.R., Reed, J.L., White, A., Edwards, R., Osterman, A., Baba, T., Mori, H., Lesely, S.A., Palsson, B.?.?., Agarwalla, S. J. Bacteriol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Nucleotide sequence of the Bacillus subtilis phoR gene. Seki, T., Yoshikawa, H., Takahashi, H., Saito, H. J. Bacteriol. (1988) [Pubmed]
Safety and immunogenicity of phoP/phoQ-deleted Salmonella typhi expressing Helicobacter pylori urease in adult volunteers. DiPetrillo, M.D., Tibbetts, T., Kleanthous, H., Killeen, K.P., Hohmann, E.L. Vaccine (1999) [Pubmed]
Transcriptional regulatory network refinement and quantification through kinetic modeling, gene expression microarray data and information theory. Sayyed-Ahmad, A., Tuncay, K., Ortoleva, P.J. BMC Bioinformatics (2007) [Pubmed]
Bacterial antigen delivery systems: phagocytic processing of bacterial antigens for MHC-I and MHC-II presentation to T cells. Svensson, M., Pfeifer, J., Stockinger, B., Wick, M.J. Behring Inst. Mitt. (1997) [Pubmed]

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