Disease relevance of Gymnosperms

• Agrobacterium strains that were more tumorigenic on gymnosperms were more effectively induced by coniferin [1].

High impact information on Gymnosperms

• GF14 is found in a variety of monocotyledons and dicotyledons, gymnosperms, and yeast [2].
• We directly link the elimination of one LFY paralog, pleiotropically maintained in gymnosperms, to the sudden appearance of flowers in the fossil record [3].
• We designed universal amplification primers for the petD intron and sequenced this intron in a representative selection of 47 angiosperms and three gymnosperms [4].
• Phylogenetic analysis of the COL family demonstrated that it is organized into a few distinct groups, some of which evolved before the divergence of gymnosperms and angiosperms [5].
• Coniferin, the glucoside of the monolignol coniferyl alcohol, accumulates to high levels in gymnosperms during spring-cambial reactivation [6].

Biological context of Gymnosperms

• Xanthophyll rhodoxanthin, which is present in sun-exposed needles of certain gymnosperms in winter, may have a photoprotective role during long-term cold acclimation [7].
• RNA editing in the cox3 coding region is thus more frequent in Magnolia than in other dicot or monocot plants investigated and almost as predominant as in some gymnosperms [8].

Anatomical context of Gymnosperms

• Another plastid GAPDH enzyme (GapCp) was recently discovered in gymnosperms and ferns [9].

Associations of Gymnosperms with chemical compounds

• The site for post-transcriptional cleavage of the precursor polypeptide to make the A and B polypeptides is localized between asparagine -315 and glycine -316 and is highly conserved between angiosperms and gymnosperms [10].
• In general properties (divalent metal ion requirement, kinetic constants, molecular weight), the taxadiene synthase of Pacific yew is similar to the diterpene cyclase abietadiene synthase involved in resin acid biosynthesis in other gymnosperms [11].
• It was found that a spectacular diversity of chemical structures encompassing proteins, terpenoids, coumarins, xanthones, alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, which are elaborated by plant species as phylogenetically remote as the algae, gymnosperms and angiosperms, were capable of rendering the retroviral enzyme less active [12].
• Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals are distributed among all taxonomic levels of photosynthetic organisms from small algae to angiosperms and giant gymnosperms [13].
• Formaldehyde, at its dimedone adduct, formaldemethone, has been detected by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography in extracts of all species tested of marine algae, macrofungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms [14].

Gene context of Gymnosperms

• SEP genes have not been detected in gymnosperms and seem to have originated since the lineage leading to extant angiosperms diverged from extant gymnosperms [15].
• Sequence comparison of AtTPS10 with previously cloned monoterpene synthases suggests independent events of functional specialization of terpene synthases during the evolution of terpenoid secondary metabolism in gymnosperms and angiosperms [16].
• However, this study suggests that the absence of the ndhF gene in Pinus may be unique and is not a general characteristic of the gymnosperms [17].
• A novel additional group II intron distinguishes the mitochondrial rps3 gene in gymnosperms [18].
• Members of the AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily of MIKC-type MADS-box genes appear to control the development of reproductive organs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gymnosperms

• We then carried out PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers which hybridized to the rice LINE homologues and Cin4 to ascertain whether LINE homologues are present in a variety of members of the plant kingdom, including angiosperms, gymnosperms, bracken, horsetail and liverwort [20].

References