Disease relevance of Angiosperms

• Both the nucleotide +329 to +334 stabilizing sequence of rbcL and a transcription enhancing sequence that lies between +126 and +170 encode well conserved (cyanobacteria through angiosperms) amino acid sequences; the evolution of expression control elements within the protein coding sequence of rbcL is considered [1].

High impact information on Angiosperms

• Here we test whether the roles of these genes are conserved throughout the angiosperms by analysing the expression of AP3 and PI orthologues in the lower eudicot subclass Ranunculidae [2].
• During lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms, coniferyl and sinapyl aldehydes are believed to be converted into their corresponding alcohols by cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and by sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD), respectively [3].
• Our expression data also indicate that the role of INO in the outgrowth and abaxial-adaxial polarity of the outer integument has been conserved between two divergent angiosperms, the rosid Arabidopsis and the asterid Impatiens [4].
• In angiosperms, GOLDEN2-LIKE (GLK) transcription factors regulate the development of at least three chloroplast types [5].
• Species of several unrelated families within the angiosperms are able to constitutively produce pyrrolizidine alkaloids as a defense against herbivores [6].

Biological context of Angiosperms

• We infer that rps13 was lost from the mitochondrial genome and substituted by a duplicated nuclear gene of chloroplast origin early in rosid evolution, whereas rps8 loss and substitution by a gene of nuclear/cytosolic origin occurred much earlier, in a common ancestor of angiosperms and gymnosperms [7].
• Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms [8].
• C4 photosynthesis has evolved multiple times among the angiosperms: the spatial rearrangement of the photosynthetic apparatus, combined with alterations to the leaf structure, allows CO2 to be concentrated around Rubisco [9].
• The expression of dek1 in most plant tissues in maize and Arabidopsis, as well as its presence in a variety of higher plants, including angiosperms and gymnosperms, suggests that DEK1 plays a conserved role in plant signal transduction [10].
• The FLO/LFY genes in angiosperms are conserved master regulators of floral identity without any obvious effects on cell division [11].

Anatomical context of Angiosperms

• This complex history of gene fission and gene transfer has created four distinct types of rpl2 structures or compartmentalizations in angiosperms: (1) intact rpl2 gene in the mitochondrion, (2) intact gene in the nucleus, (3) split gene, 5' in the mitochondrion and 3' in the nucleus, and (4) split gene, both parts in the nucleus [12].
• In pairwise comparisons of photosynthetic angiosperms to Glycine, the core 19S rDNA sequences differed by less than 1.4%, thus supporting the observation that variation in mitochondrial rDNA is 3-4 times lower than seen in protein coding and rDNA genes of other subcellular organelles [13].

Associations of Angiosperms with chemical compounds

• The last step of syringyl monolignol biosynthesis in angiosperms is regulated by a novel gene encoding sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase [14].
• Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.1.195) has been thought to mediate the reduction of both coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde into guaiacyl and syringyl monolignols in angiosperms [14].
• Expansin message regulation in parasitic angiosperms: marking time in development [15].
• The fah1 mutant of Arabidopsis is defective in the accumulation of sinapic acid-derived metabolites, including the guaiacyl-syringyl lignin typical of angiosperms [16].
• Intron number and position are highly conserved between P. banksiana and angiosperms [17].

Gene context of Angiosperms

• The identification of IBR5 relatives in other flowering plants suggests that IBR5 function is conserved throughout angiosperms [18].
• Two differentially expressed and regulated POR enzymes, PORA and PORB, have recently been discovered in angiosperms [19].
• In contrast, we observed no cross-hybridization of a probe of chlL to DNA samples from representative angiosperms that require light for chlorophyll synthesis, in support of our conclusion that chlL is involved in light-independent chlorophyll biosynthesis [20].
• Antibodies prepared against overexpressed Brassica AGL15 lacking the conserved MADS domain were used to probe immunoblots, and AGL15-related proteins were found in embryos of a variety of angiosperms, including plants as distantly related as maize [21].
• No CAD homologue displayed a specific requirement for sinapyl aldehyde, which was in direct contrast with unfounded claims for a so-called sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase in angiosperms [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Angiosperms

• Comparative sequence alignment of Pa-RRM-GRP1 reveals extensive homology to known and presumed glycine-rich RNA binding proteins from angiosperms and gymnosperms [23].

References